Se "central nervous system" ye smart TV yese, mainboard inobatanidza zvikamu zvepakati zvakaita se main control chips, storage devices, printed circuit boards (PCBs), uye passive components. Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvinhu zvayo zvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro emutengo weindasitiri yese yeTV. Kubva pakupera kwa2024 kusvika 2025, zvinhu zvepakati zve smart TV mainboards zvakapinda pamwe chete muchikamu chekuwedzera mitengo: mutengo wekutenga we 4GB DDR4 modules wakakwira ne18% gore negore, mutengo weyuniti we 32GB eMMC flash memory wakawedzera neanopfuura 15%, uye mitengo ye copper-clad laminates, high-end capacitors nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakaramba zvichikwira, zvichiunza kumanikidzwa kukuru kwemitengo kune vagadziri ve mainboard uyemabhizinesiKukwira kwemitengo uku hakukonzerwi nechinhu chimwe chete, asi nemhedzisiro yemasimba akawanda akadai semapatani ekudiwa kwezvinhu, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, uye kugadziriswa kwecheni yekugovera.
I. Kusawirirana pakati peKuwanikwa uye Kudiwa kweZvikamu Zvikuru, neKuchengetera neZvikamu Zvisingashandiswi Zviri Kutungamira Kukwira kweMitengo
Se "nzvimbo yekurangarira" yebhodhi guru, zvishandiso zvekuchengetera zvinhu zvine simba rakananga pamitengo kuburikidza nekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yazvo. DDR memory ne eMMC embedded flash memory zvinosvika 12%-18% yemutengo wezvinhu zvebhodhi guru. Musika wekuchengetera zvinhu pasi rose wakanyanya kuzara mumakambani makuru akadai seSamsung, SK Hynix, neMicron, uye kugadziriswa kwesimba ravo rekugadzira ndiko kwakanyanya kutonga mitengo. Pakupera kwa2024, vagadziri vezvitoro zvikuru vakaisa zvidzikiso zvekugadzira kuti vanzwisise huwandu hwezvinhu zvekare, zvichikonzera kusimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kweNAND Flash neDRAM wafers, izvo zvakasundidzira mutengo wemachipisi ekuchengetera zvinhu kuti urambe uchikwira kubva muchikamu chechina cha2024.Makambani eTVNehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotumirwa pagore hunopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu, kuwedzera kwemitengo yekuchengetera chete kunoda imwe mari yegore negore yemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni mashanu kusvika matanhatu.
Nzvimbo yezvikamu zvisingashande inopa kuwedzera kwemitengo yezvivakwa kunoratidzwa ne "kushomeka kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro uye kuwanda kwezvigadzirwa zvepakati kusvika pasi". Zvinhu zvakaita seMLCC (multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors) uye tantalum capacitors zvinodiwa kuti zvishande.mabhodhi makuru eTV akangwaravari kutarisana nekumanikidzwa kwezvinodiwa kubva kumaseva eAI nemotokari itsva dzesimba panguva imwe chete. Kushandiswa kweMLCC kwesevha imwe chete yeAI kwakapetwa kaviri pane sevha yechinyakare, uye kushandiswa kwetantalum capacitor kwakatopeta kasere. Kushandiswa kweMLCC pamotokari itsva yesimba kwakawedzera kubva pa6,000 zvidimbu zvemotokari dzemafuta zvechinyakare kusvika ku18,000 zvidimbu. Kudiwa kukuru kuri kuramba kuchichinja kugona kwekugadzira kwezvikamu zvemainboards. Pamwe chete nekuti kugona kwekugadzira kwezvikamu zvepamusoro-soro kunowanikwa muvagadziri vepasi rese vakaita saMurata naYageo, uye kugona kwekugadzira kwemuno kuri kukwira zvishoma nezvishoma, musiyano wekudiwa kwemagetsi unoramba uchikura, zvichiita kuti mutengo weMLCC wemotokari uwedzere ne8%-12% pamwe chete, uye mutengo wetantalum capacitors ine simba rakawanda uwedzere ne20%-30%.
II. Cheni yeIndasitiri yePCB Pasi Pekumanikidzwa Kwemari, Zvipingamupinyi Zviviri zveZvishandiso Zvisina Kugadzirwa uye Kugona Kwekugadzira
Se "chimiro" chebhodhi guru, kukwira kwemitengo yemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) kunonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri zvinokonzeresa kuwedzera kwemitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye kushomeka kwesimba rekugadzira. Mhangura inoumba inenge 30% yemutengo wekugadzira ma laminates emhangura, ayo ari iwo musimboti wezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvePCB. Kubva muna 2023 kusvika 2025, mutengo wemhangura wepasi rose wakaramba uri padanho repamusoro, uchitsigira zvakananga mutengo we laminates dzakaputirwa nemhangura. Panguva imwe chete, mitengo yezvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita sejira regirazi ne epoxy resin yakakwira zvakaenzana: mutengo weshinda yemagetsi wakawedzera ne800 yuan patani, uye mutengo wejira remagetsi wakawedzera ne0.3 yuan pamita, zvichiwedzera kukwidza mutengo wekugadzira ma laminates akaputirwa nemhangura.
Kushomeka kwezvivakwa padivi pesimba rekugadzira kwawedzera kumanikidzwa kwekuwedzera kwemitengo. Kudiwa kwakanyanya kwesimbi yemhangura muindasitiri yemotokari itsva yemagetsi kwakaita kuti pave nekuchinjwa kukuru kwesimba rekugadzira simbi yemhangura yePCB-grade. Kuvakwa kwesimbi itsva yemhangura yemagetsi kunotora makore 2-3 kuti ishande, zvichigadzira mukaha wenguva refu wekugovera. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhizinesi emhangura yekunze kwenyika ari kukurumidza kushanduka kwavo kuita zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro, uye huwandu hwesimba rekugadzira kubva pakati kusvika pasi hunoramba huchidzikira, zvichikonzera mukaha wepasi rose wesimbi yemhangura yepakati kusvika pasi. Mabhodhi makuru eTV emumba anonyanya kushandisa simbi yemhangura yepakati kusvika pasi, zvakananga zvichitarisana nekukanganiswa kwesimba rekupa uye kuwedzera kwemitengo. Data rinoratidza kuti mutengo wekutenga simbi yemhangura yakawedzera zvakanyanya muhafu yekutanga ya2025, nezvimwe zvinhu zvichiwedzera neanopfuura 12%.