Isesengura ry'impamvu zitera kwiyongera kw'ibiciro mu bikoresho fatizo bya Smart TV Mainboard

Nk'"urwego rw'imitsi yo hagati" rwa televiziyo yose igezweho, iyi terefone ihuza ibice by'ingenzi nka chips nini zo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo kubika, ibyuma byacapwe (PCBs), n'ibice bidakora. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho byayo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mihindagurikire y'ibiciro by'inganda zose za televiziyo. Kuva mu mpera za 2024 kugeza 2025, ibikoresho by'ibanze bya televiziyo igezweho byinjiye mu muyoboro wo kongera ibiciro: igiciro cyo kugura module za 4GB DDR4 cyazamutseho 18% ukurikije umwaka, igiciro cya foleti ya 32GB eMMC cyariyongereyeho hejuru ya 15%, kandi ibiciro bya laminates zikozwe mu muringa, capacitors nziza n'ibindi bicuruzwa nabyo byakomeje kuzamuka, bitera igitutu gikomeye ku bakora porogaramu igezweho naibigoUku kwiyongera kw'ibiciro ntiguterwa n'ikintu kimwe, ahubwo guterwa n'ingaruka z'imbaraga nyinshi zihuriweho nko mu miterere y'ibikenewe mu gutanga ibicuruzwa, ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga, no kuvugurura uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

I. Ubusumbane hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibikenewe by’ibice by’ingenzi, aho ububiko n’ibice bidakoreshwa ari byo byatumye ibiciro byiyongera

Nk'"ikigo cy'ububiko" cy'ikibaho kinini, ibikoresho byo kubika bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku biciro binyuze mu ihindagurika ry'ibiciro byabyo. DDR memory na eMMC embedded flash memory bigira 12%-18% by'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya kibaho kinini. Isoko ry'ububiko ku isi ryibanda cyane ku bigo bikomeye nka Samsung, SK Hynix, na Micron, kandi ivugurura ry'ubushobozi bwabyo mu gukora niryo ryiganje mu buryo butaziguye ibiciro. Mu mpera za 2024, inganda zikora ububiko zikomeye zashyizeho gahunda yo kugabanya umusaruro kugira ngo zigabanye ububiko bwari buri hejuru mbere, bituma hakongerwa buhoro buhoro itangwa rya NAND Flash na DRAM wafers, byatumye igiciro cya chips zo kubika kizamuka cyane kuva mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2024.Ibigo bya televiziyohamwe n’ingano y’ibicuruzwa birenga miliyoni 5 buri mwaka, kongera ibiciro by’ububiko byonyine bisaba ikiguzi cy’inyongera cya miliyoni 5-6 z’amadolari y’Amerika buri mwaka.

Igice cy’ibice bidakora kigaragaza ukwiyongera kw’ibiciro mu miterere y’ibintu bigaragaza “ibura ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hagati n’urwo hasi”. Ibice nka MLCC (capacitors za ceramic chips nyinshi) na capacitors za tantalum zikenewe kuriteleviziyo zigezwehobahura n’ikibazo cyo gutakaza ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho biva kuri seriveri za AI n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Imikoreshereze ya MLCC ya seriveri imwe ya AI ikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’ikoreshwa rya seriveri isanzwe, naho ikoreshwa rya capacitor ya tantalum ikubye inshuro umunani. Imikoreshereze ya MLCC kuri buri modoka nshya ikoresha ingufu yavuye ku bice 6.000 ku modoka zikoresha lisansi isanzwe igera ku bice 18.000. Ubukene bwinshi bukomeje guhindura ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bikuru. Bivanze n’uko ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bigezweho byibanda ku nganda mpuzamahanga nka Murata na Yageo, kandi ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wo mu gihugu bugenda buzamuka buhoro buhoro, icyuho cy’ibikenewe mu gutanga serivisi gikomeje kwiyongera, bituma igiciro cya MLCC yo mu rwego rw’imodoka cyiyongeraho 8%-12% by’ubwinshi, kandi igiciro cya capacitor ya tantalum ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru kizamukaho 20%-30%.

II. Uruhererekane rw'inganda za PCB rudafite igitutu cy'ikiguzi, inzitizi ebyiri z'ibikoresho fatizo n'ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya

Nk'"urwego" rw'ikibaho kinini, ukwiyongera kw'ibiciro by'amabati yacapwe (PCBs) ahanini biterwa n'ibintu bibiri by'ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo n'ibura ry'ubushobozi bwo gukora. Umuringa ugize hafi 30% by'ikiguzi cyo gukora amabati ya laminate apfutse umuringa, ibikoresho fatizo bya PCB. Kuva mu 2023 kugeza 2025, igiciro mpuzamahanga cy'umuringa cyagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka, gishyigikira izamuka ry'ibiciro bya laminate zipfutse umuringa. Muri icyo gihe, ibiciro by'ibikoresho by'inyongera nk'igitambaro cy'ibirahure na epoxy resin byazamutse icyarimwe: igiciro cy'ubudodo bw'ikoranabuhanga cyiyongereyeho yuan 800 kuri toni, naho igiciro cy'igitambaro cy'ikoranabuhanga cyiyongereyeho yuan 0.3 kuri metero, birushaho kuzamura ikiguzi cyo gukora amabati ya laminate apfutse umuringa.

Ibura ry’imiterere y’ibikoresho ku mpande z’ubushobozi bwo gukora ryatumye ibiciro bizamuka cyane. Ubukene bukomeye bw’ibikoresho by’umuringa mu nganda nshya zikora ibikoresho by’ingufu bwatumye ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho by’umuringa mu rwego rwa PCB bugabanuka cyane. Kubaka ibikoresho bishya byo gukora ibikoresho by’umuringa bifata imyaka 2-3 kugira ngo bikoreshwe, bigatanga icyuho cy’igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, ibigo byo mu mahanga bifite umuringa birimo kwihutisha impinduka zabyo ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi kiracyagabanuka, bigatuma habaho icyuho cy’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi ku isi. Ibikoresho bigezweho bya televiziyo zo mu gihugu ahanini bikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi, bihura n’ingaruka ebyiri z’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’izamuka ry’ibiciro. Amakuru agaragaza ko igiciro cyo kugura ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byashyizwe ku rwego rw’umuringa cyariyongereye cyane mu gice cya mbere cya 2025, hamwe n’ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byiyongereyeho ibirenga 12%.

III. Kuvugurura uruhererekane rw'inganda n'ibidukikije byo hanze, kongera ihindagurika ry'ibiciro

Ivugurura ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi ndetse n’ibintu bya politiki y’isi byarushijeho kongera ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo. Mu gihe cy’irushanwa ry’ikoranabuhanga hagati ya Amerika n’ibihugu biyigize, ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu biri kwihutisha uburyo ibice by’ingenzi nka chips zo kugenzura imiterere y’ibintu bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ibanze bisimburana. Igipimo cy’uko chips zo kugenzura imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga zigezweho za televiziyo za kure cyarenze 35% mu 2024. Ariko, ubushobozi bwo gukora爬坡no kunoza umusaruro mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo gusimbuza aho ibicuruzwa biherereye bituma bigorana ko ibiciro bya bimwe mu bice by’imbere mu gihugu bitanga inyungu mu gihe gito. Muri icyo gihe, abakora ibicuruzwa binini bashyizeho uburyo bwo "gutanga ibicuruzwa biva ku isoko ry’imigabane ibiri" kugira ngo barebe ko hari umutekano mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, kandi guhinduranya no kuringaniza abacuruzi bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga nabyo byongera ibiciro bitazwi neza ku bijyanye n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa.

Ingaruka zikomeye z’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byazamuye igitutu cyo kwiyongera kw’ibiciro mu gihe gito. Mu gice cya mbere cya 2024, inganda z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga muri rusange zari mu cyiciro cyo gusimbuza, kandi ububiko bw’ibikoresho fatizo nka laminates zipfutse umuringa n’imyenda y’ibirahure byagabanutse ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu myaka hafi 5, aho iminsi yo kubika ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe yari munsi y’iminsi 30. Kuva mu mpera za 2024 kugeza mu ntangiriro za 2025, kongera kugaruka kw’ibikenewe no kongera kuvugurura ububiko byabayeho icyarimwe. Iyo ibicuruzwa bitaragaruka neza, kurekura cyane ibikenewe mu gihe habayeho ububiko buke byateje imbere izamuka ry’ibiciro ryihuse. Byongeye kandi, amasezerano y’amasoko ya buri gihembwe yasinywe hagati y’inganda zikora ibikoresho bikuru n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bikuru agira igihe cyo kugabanya ibiciro, bigatuma inyungu z’ibigo zigabanuka mu gihe cyo kwiyongera kw’ibiciro ku isoko, bigakomeza kohereza izamuka ry’ibiciro.