A matsayin "tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya" na dukkan talabijin mai wayo, babban allon yana haɗa muhimman abubuwan da suka haɗa da manyan kwakwalwan sarrafawa, na'urorin ajiya, allon da'ira da aka buga (PCBs), da sassan da ba sa aiki. Sauye-sauye a farashin kayansa suna shafar yanayin farashi na dukkan masana'antar talabijin. Daga ƙarshen 2024 zuwa 2025, kayan da aka ƙera don manyan allon talabijin masu wayo sun shiga cikin tashar haɓaka farashi: farashin siyan kayan DDR4 4GB ya tashi da kashi 18% a shekara, farashin naúrar ƙwaƙwalwar eMMC 32GB ya ƙaru da sama da kashi 15%, kuma farashin laminates masu lulluɓe da tagulla, manyan capacitors da sauran kayayyaki suma sun ci gaba da hauhawa, wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa ga masana'antun babban allon dakamfanoniWannan zagayen hauhawar farashi ba abu ɗaya ba ne ya haifar da shi, amma ta hanyar haɗakar tasirin ƙarfi da yawa kamar tsarin buƙatun wadata, maimaita fasaha, da sake fasalin sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
I. Rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da buƙatar sassan da ke cikin babban abu, tare da Ajiya da sassan da ba sa aiki da juna ke jagorantar ƙaruwar farashi
A matsayin "cibiyar ƙwaƙwalwa" ta babban allo, na'urorin ajiya suna da tasiri kai tsaye kan farashi ta hanyar canjin farashinsu. Memory DDR da eMMC flash memory da aka haɗa suna da kashi 12%-18% na farashin kayan babban allo. Kasuwar ajiya ta duniya ta fi mayar da hankali ne a manyan kamfanoni kamar Samsung, SK Hynix, da Micron, kuma daidaita ƙarfin samarwarsu kai tsaye ya mamaye yanayin farashi. A ƙarshen 2024, manyan masana'antun ajiya sun aiwatar da rage samarwa don narke babban kaya na baya, wanda ya haifar da ƙara yawan samar da wafers na NAND Flash da DRAM, wanda ya sa farashin kwakwalwan ajiya ya tashi akai-akai tun daga kwata na huɗu na 2024. DonKamfanonin TalabijinTare da yawan jigilar kaya na shekara-shekara na fiye da raka'a miliyan 5, ƙarin farashin ajiya kawai yana buƙatar ƙarin kuɗin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 5-6.
Filin ɓangaren da ba ya aiki yana gabatar da hauhawar farashi na tsarin da ke nuna "ƙarancin kayayyaki masu inganci da kuma yawan samfuran matsakaici zuwa ƙasa". Ana buƙatar sassan kamar MLCC (capacitors na yumbu mai yawa) da capacitors na tantalum donmanyan allon talabijin masu wayosuna fuskantar matsin lamba daga sabar AI da sabbin motocin makamashi. Amfani da MLCC na sabar AI guda ɗaya ya ninka na sabar gargajiya sau biyu, kuma amfani da capacitor na tantalum ya ninka sau takwas. Amfani da MLCC ga kowace sabuwar motar makamashi ya ƙaru daga guda 6,000 ga motocin mai na gargajiya zuwa guda 18,000. Babban buƙatar yana ci gaba da karkatar da ƙarfin samar da kayan haɗin manyan allon. Idan aka haɗa da gaskiyar cewa ƙarfin samar da kayan haɗin gwiwa masu inganci ya ta'allaka ne a masana'antun ƙasashen duniya kamar Murata da Yageo, kuma ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida yana ƙaruwa a hankali, gibin da ake da shi na wadata da buƙata yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar farashin MLCC na mota mai inganci da kashi 8%-12%, kuma farashin capacitors masu ƙarfin tantalum ya ƙaru da kashi 20%-30%.
II. Sarkar Masana'antu ta PCB ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na farashi, Taƙaitawa Biyu na Kayan Danye da Ƙarfin Samarwa
A matsayin "tsarin" babban allo, hauhawar farashin allunan da aka buga (PCBs) galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon dalilai biyu na hauhawar farashin kayan masarufi da ƙarancin ƙarfin samarwa. Tagulla tana da kusan kashi 30% na farashin samar da laminates masu lulluɓe da tagulla, ainihin kayan PCBs. Daga 2023 zuwa 2025, farashin tagulla na duniya ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayi mai girma a tarihi, yana tallafawa hauhawar farashin laminates masu lulluɓe da tagulla kai tsaye. A lokaci guda, farashin kayan taimako kamar zane mai zare da epoxy resin ya tashi a lokaci guda: farashin zaren lantarki ya karu da yuan 800 a kowace tan, kuma farashin zane mai zare da tagulla ya karu da yuan 0.3 a kowace mita, wanda hakan ya ƙara haɓaka farashin samar da laminates masu lulluɓe da tagulla.
Karancin tsarin da ake da shi a bangaren samar da kayayyaki ya kara matsin lamba kan karuwar farashi. Bukatar foil na jan karfe a sabuwar masana'antar kera motoci ta haifar da karkata ga karfin samar da foil na jan karfe na PCB. Gina sabbin damar samar da foil na jan karfe na electrolytic yana daukar shekaru 2-3 kafin a fara aiki, wanda hakan ya haifar da gibin samar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, kamfanonin laminate da aka lullube da jan karfe na kasashen waje suna hanzarta sauya shekarsu zuwa kayayyaki masu inganci, kuma yawan karfin samar da kayayyaki na tsakiyar zuwa kasa yana ci gaba da raguwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da gibin samar da kayayyaki na jan karfe na tsakiya zuwa kasa a duniya. Manyan allon talabijin na cikin gida galibi suna amfani da laminates masu rufi da jan karfe na tsakiya zuwa kasa, suna fuskantar tasirin tashin hankali da hauhawar farashi kai tsaye. Bayanai sun nuna cewa farashin siyan laminates masu rufi da jan karfe ya karu sosai a rabin farko na 2025, tare da wasu takamaiman bayanai da suka karu da sama da kashi 12%.