I. Amathuba
(1) Isidingo Esikhulayo Semakethe
Amazwe amaningi aseduze "neBelt and Road" abhekene nentuthuko enhle yezomnotho futhi athuthukisa kancane kancane amazinga okuphila ezakhamuzi, okubonisa ukuthambekela okucacile kokukhuphuka kwesidingo sezinto zikagesi zabathengi. Thatha isifunda sase-ASEAN njengesibonelo, usayizi wemakethe yaso yemishini yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi udlule amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-30 ngo-2025, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kuka-8%. Lesi sidingo esikhulu semakethe sinikeza indawo ebanzi yentuthuko yamabhizinisi kamabonakude aseShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni ase-Central Asia njenge-Uzbekistan, ngokuchuma kwemakethe yezindlu, isidingo sezakhamuzi samathelevishini nezinye izinto zasekhaya naso siyakhula njalo, sihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwemakethe kokuthengiswa kwamathelevishini.
(2) Ukwandisa Izinga Lokuhweba
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhwebelana kweShayina namazwe aseduze "kweBelt and Road" kuye kwaba njalo futhi izinga lokuhwebelana liqhubekile nokukhula. Ngo-2023, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweShayina emazweni aseduze "kweBelt and Road" kukhule ngo-16.8%, okwathunyelwa kuwo ngaphandle kwakuyi-yuan eyizigidigidi ezingu-2.04, okwenyuka ngo-25.3%. Esikhathini eside, eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ingxenye yokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweShayina emazweni aseduze komzila ekuhwebeni kwangaphandle iyonke ikhuphuke kusukela ku-25% ngo-2013 kuya ku-32.9% ngo-2022. Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2024, inani lokuhwebelana phakathi kweShayina namazwe aseduze "kweBelt and Road" lifinyelele ku-157.4277 billion zamaRandi aseMelika, okwenyuka ngo-4.53% unyaka nonyaka, okuhlanganisa u-34.6% wenani eliphelele lokuhwebelana kwangaphandle kweShayina. Lolu lwazi lubonisa ngokugcwele ukuthi uhlelo lwe-“Belt and Road” lunikeze amathuba amakhulu emakethe okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-elekthronikhi abathengi njengamathelevishini eShayina, futhi ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokuhweba kulethe amathuba ebhizinisi amaningi kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho emabhizinisini kamabonakude aseShayina.
(3) Ukuqinisa Ukubambisana Kwezimali
Ukuze kudonswe utshalomali lwakwamanye amazwe futhi kukhuthazwe intuthuko yezomnotho, amanye amazwe aseduze ne-“Belt and Road” aqalise uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokukhetha ezifana nezikhuthazo zentela. Lezi zinqubomgomo zokukhetha zinikeza izimo ezinhle kumabhizinisi kamabonakude aseShayina zokutshala imali nokwakha amafektri. Isibonelo, amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi njenge-Uzbekistan, anemithombo yawo yemvelo ecebile kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi eziphansi, adonse inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi aseShayina ukutshala imali lapho. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude aseShayina angasebenzisa izinzuzo zenqubomgomo yokutshalwa kwezimali yendawo ukwakha izisekelo zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo yawo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, asize ukukhuthaza intuthuko yezomnotho wendawo nokufeza ukubambisana okuzuzayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
(4) Isakhiwo Sokuthumela Ngaphandle Esihlukahlukene
Ngosizo lohlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina angandisa izimakethe zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezahlukahlukene, anciphise ukuthembela ezimakethe zendabuko ezifana neYurophu neMelika, futhi athuthukise amakhono awo okumelana nezingozi. Ngokuphikisana nokwanda kokungaqiniseki esimweni somnotho womhlaba, lolu hlobo lwemakethe oluhlukahlukene lubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile kwamabhizinisi. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi 2024, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yasekhaya yaseShayina e-Afrika kukhuphuke ngo-16.8% unyaka nonyaka, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emakethe ye-Arab League kukhuphuke ngo-15.1% unyaka nonyaka. Lolu lwazi lubonisa ngokugcwele umkhuba wokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-elekthronikhi abathengi njengamathelevishini avela eShayina aya ezimakethe ezisafufusa eceleni kwe-“Belt and Road”. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe esihlukahlukene kusiza amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina ukubhekana kangcono nezingozi nezinselele ezahlukahlukene emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
II. Izinselele
(1) Izithiyo Zokuhweba Nezingozi
Nakuba isinyathelo esithi “Belt and Road” sikhuthaze ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe asendleleni, amanye amazwe asenomkhuba wokuvikela ukuhweba futhi angase abeke izithiyo zokuhweba, njengokwandisa amanani entela nokubeka amazinga obuchwepheshe, ukuze kwandiswe ubunzima bokuthumela ngaphandle amathelevishini aseShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezingazinzile njengezingxabano zezwe nezepolitiki nazo ziletha izingozi emabhizinisini kamabonakude aseShayina. Isibonelo, njengoba ingxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine ikhula, amabhizinisi aseShayina abhekene nezingozi zokujeziswa kanye nezinselele zokuthobela imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eRussia. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela imisebenzi evamile yokuhweba yamabhizinisi kodwa futhi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukuzethemba kwemakethe, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokungaqiniseki kwamabhizinisi.
(2) Ukuncintisana Okuqinile Kwemakethe
Ngokuthuthuka kohlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”, ukukhanga kwezimakethe ezikulolu mzila kuyanda njalo, futhi ukuncintisana kwemakethe kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo yethelevishini evela kwamanye amazwe izokwandisa ukwakheka kwayo ezimakethe ezikulolu mzila futhi incintisane ngesabelo semakethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimboni zethelevishini zasendaweni kwamanye amazwe akulolu mzila ziyathuthuka kancane kancane futhi zizokwakha ukuncintisana okuthile nemikhiqizo yaseShayina. Lokhu kudinga amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina ukuthi athuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo okuyinhloko, athuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi, ukuze abhekane nokucindezela kokuncintisana okuvela kontanga basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe.
(3) Umehluko Wamasiko Nokusetshenziswa
Kunamazwe amaningi ahambisana ne-“Belt and Road”, futhi kunomehluko omkhulu emasikweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo. Abathengi emazweni ahlukene banezidingo ezahlukene kanye nezintandokazi ngemisebenzi, ukubukeka, ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo kanye nezinye izici zethelevishini. Isibonelo, abathengi kwamanye amazwe bangase banake kakhulu imisebenzi yokuxhumana ehlakaniphile yethelevishini, kuyilapho abathengi kwamanye amazwe bengase bazise kakhulu ukuqina nokusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo. Amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina kudingeka abe nokuqonda okujulile kwemakethe yendawo futhi alungise amasu awo omkhiqizo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi abahlukene. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kwandisa ucwaningo lwemakethe kanye nezindleko zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wamabhizinisi futhi kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemakethe yamabhizinisi.
III. Amasu Okubhekana Nezinkinga
(1) Ukusungula Ubuchwepheshe Nokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo
Emongweni wokuncintisana okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele emakethe yama-elekthronikhi abathengi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo samabhizinisi ukuthi alondoloze ukuncintisana. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude aseShayina kufanele andise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R & D, athuthukise okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo kamabonakude, njengokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ephezulu njengama-smart TV, ama-TV anencazelo ephezulu, kanye nama-TV e-quantum dot, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sabathengi emazweni asendleleni yokuthola imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa izinga lokwehluka komkhiqizo, athuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela avelele emncintiswaneni wemakethe onamandla.
(2) Ukuqinisa Ukwakhiwa Nokumaketha Kwemikhiqizo
Umkhiqizo uyimpahla ebalulekile yebhizinisi. Ezimakethe eziseduze ne-“Belt and Road”, ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kanye nedumela kubalulekile ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yethelevishini. Amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina kufanele agxile ekukhangiseni umkhiqizo, futhi athuthukise ukuqwashisa nodumo lomkhiqizo emazweni asendleleni ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukubamba ukwethulwa komkhiqizo, ukwenza imikhankaso yokukhangisa nezinye izindlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukubambisana nabathengisi bendawo kanye nabathengisi, wandise iziteshi zokuthengisa, usungule inethiwekhi ephelele yokuthengisa kanye nensizakalo, futhi uthuthukise ukuqashelwa nokwethembeka kwabathengi kumkhiqizo.
(3) Ukujulisa Ukubambisana Kwezimboni
Ukuze zivumelane kangcono nesidingo semakethe eceleni kwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi aseShayina ithelevishini kufanele aqinise ukubambisana namazwe asendleleni ochungechungeni lwemboni yethelevishini. Isibonelo, sungula izisekelo zokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa emazweni acebile ngezinsizakusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi umise amafektri okuhlanganisa emazweni anezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokujulisa ukubambisana kwezimboni, amabhizinisi angafinyelela izinzuzo ezihambisanayo, athuthukise ukusebenzisana kwezimboni, futhi athuthukise isikhundla sawo ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke.
(4) Ukunaka Ukuguquguquka Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nesexwayiso Sengozi Kusenesikhathi
Lapho beqhuba ibhizinisi lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe eceleni kwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi ethelevishini aseShayina kudingeka aqaphelisise izinguquko ezinqubweni nasemithethweni yamazwe asendleleni futhi alungise amasu awo ebhizinisi ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokuhweba kusenesikhathi. Amabhizinisi angagcina ukuxhumana okuseduze neminyango kahulumeni, izinhlangano zezimboni kanye nezinye izinhlangano ukuze athole ulwazi lwakamuva lwenqubomgomo kanye nokuguquguquka kwemakethe, akhe izinhlelo zokuphendula ezingozini ezihambisanayo, futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamabhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-24-2025
