I. Amathuba
(1) Imfuno ekhulayo yeMarike
Amazwe amaninzi akwi-“Belt and Road” afumana uphuhliso oluhle loqoqosho kwaye aphucula kancinci kancinci umgangatho wokuphila wabemi, ebonisa ukunyuka okucacileyo kwemfuno yezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi. Thatha ummandla we-ASEAN njengomzekelo, ubungakanani bemarike yezixhobo zasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba budlule kwi-30 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika ngo-2025, kunye nokukhula konyaka okungaphezulu kwe-8%. Le mfuno inkulu yemarike ibonelela ngendawo ebanzi yophuhliso kumashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina. Ukongeza, kumazwe aseMbindi Asia afana ne-Uzbekistan, kunye nokuchuma kwemarike yezindlu, imfuno yabemi yeethelevishini nezinye izixhobo zasekhaya nayo iyanda rhoqo, inika inkxaso enamandla yemarike yokuthengiswa kweethelevishini.
(2) Ukwandisa Isikali Sorhwebo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhwebo lwaseTshayina namazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” luye lwanda kakhulu kwaye isikali sorhwebo siye saqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2023, ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla eTshayina kumazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” kukhule nge-16.8%, apho ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwakuyi-2.04 trillion yuan, ukunyuka nge-25.3%. Kwixesha elide, kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, inani lempahla engeniswayo nethunyelwa eTshayina kumazwe akwi-“road” kurhwebo lwangaphandle lulonke linyuke ukusuka kwi-25% ngo-2013 ukuya kwi-32.9% ngo-2022. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2024, umthamo worhwebo phakathi kweTshayina namazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” ufikelele kwi-157.4277 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ukunyuka nge-4.53% ngonyaka, okubangela i-34.6% yomthamo worhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina. Olu lwazi lubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba iphulo elithi “Belt and Road” libonelele ngamathuba amakhulu emarike yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ze-elektroniki ezifana neethelevishini eTshayina, kwaye ukwanda okuqhubekayo komgangatho wezorhwebo kuzise amathuba amaninzi oshishino kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kumashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina.
(3) Ukuqinisa iNtsebenziswano yoTyalo-mali
Ukuze kutsalwe utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwaye kukhuthazwe uphuhliso loqoqosho, amanye amazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” aqalise uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha efana nezikhuthazo zerhafu. Le migaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha ibonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo kumashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina ukuba atyale imali aze akhe iifektri. Umzekelo, amazwe ase-Asia eseMbindini afana ne-Uzbekistan, anemithombo yendalo etyebileyo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi eziphantsi, atsale inani elikhulu lamashishini aseTshayina ukuba atyale imali apho. Amashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina angasebenzisa iingenelo zomgaqo-nkqubo wotyalo-mali lwasekuhlaleni ukwakha iziseko zemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lweemveliso zawo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ancede ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokufezekisa intsebenziswano ephumelelayo phakathi kwamaqela omabini.
(4) Ulwakhiwo oluhlukeneyo lokuthumela ngaphandle
Ngoncedo lwephulo elithi “Belt and Road”, amashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina anokwandisa iimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle ezahlukeneyo, anciphise ukuxhomekeka kwiimarike zemveli ezifana neYurophu neMelika, kwaye aphucule amandla awo okumelana nomngcipheko. Ngokuchasene nokwanda kokungaqiniseki kwimeko yezoqoqosho yehlabathi, olu lwakhiwo lwemarike eyahlukeneyo lubalulekile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi 2024, ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zasekhaya zaseTshayina eAfrika kunyuke nge-16.8% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwimarike ye-Arab League kunyuke nge-15.1% unyaka nonyaka. Olu lwazi lubonisa ngokupheleleyo indlela yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi ezifana noomabonakude baseTshayina ukuya kwiimarike ezisakhulayo ecaleni kwe-“Belt and Road”. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esahlukeneyo kunceda amashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina ukuba ajongane ngcono nemingcipheko eyahlukeneyo kunye nemingeni kwimarike yehlabathi.
II. Imingeni
(1) Imiqobo yoRhwebo kunye neengozi
Nangona iphulo elithi “Belt and Road” likhuthaze intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe akwindlela, amanye amazwe asenendlela yokukhusela urhwebo kwaye anokubeka imiqobo yorhwebo, njengokunyusa amaxabiso kunye nokubeka imigangatho yobugcisa, ukwandisa ubunzima bokuthumela ngaphandle iithelevishini zaseTshayina. Ukongeza, izinto ezingazinzanga ezifana neengxabano zezopolitiko nazo zizisa umngcipheko kumashishini ethelevishini aseTshayina. Umzekelo, njengoko ingxabano phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine isanda, amashishini aseTshayina ajongene nemingcipheko yezohlwayo kunye nemingeni yokuthobela imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eRashiya. Oku akuchaphazeli kuphela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yorhwebo yamashishini kodwa kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuzithemba kwemarike, okwandisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokungaqiniseki kwamashishini.
(2) Ukhuphiswano oluQhubelekayo kwiMarike
Ngokuhambela phambili kwephulo elithi “Belt and Road”, ukutsala kweemarike ezikuloo ndlela kuyanda rhoqo, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya lusanda. Kwelinye icala, iimpawu zikamabonwakude ezivela kwamanye amazwe nazo ziya kwandisa ulwakhiwo lwazo kwiimarike ezikuloo ndlela kwaye zikhuphisane ngesabelo semarike. Kwelinye icala, amashishini kamabonwakude asekuhlaleni kwamanye amazwe akuloo ndlela ayakhula kancinci kancinci kwaye aya kwenza ukhuphiswano oluthile neemveliso zaseTshayina. Oku kufuna ukuba amashishini kamabonwakude aseTshayina aqhubeke nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwawo oluphambili, aphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo, ukuze akwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lokhuphiswano oluvela koontanga basekhaya nabangaphandle.
(3) Umahluko kwiNkcubeko nakwindlela yokusebenzisa
Kukho amazwe amaninzi ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu kwinkcubeko nakwimikhwa yokusebenzisa. Abathengi kumazwe ahlukeneyo banemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhetha imisebenzi, inkangeleko, ukuqatshelwa kophawu kunye nezinye iinkalo zethelevishini. Umzekelo, abathengi kwamanye amazwe banokunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yokunxibelelana ngobuchule kwethelevishini, ngelixa abathengi kwamanye amazwe banokuxabisa ngakumbi ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Amashishini kamabonwakude aseTshayina kufuneka abe nokuqonda okunzulu kwimarike yasekuhlaleni kwaye alungise amaqhinga awo emveliso ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi abahlukeneyo. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwandisa uphando lwemarike kunye neendleko zophuhliso lwemveliso zamashishini kwaye kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokuziqhelanisa nemarike yamashishini.
III. Amaqhinga okujamelana nobunzima
(1) Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye noPhuculo lweeMveliso
Kwimeko yokhuphiswano oluya lukhula ngamandla kwihlabathi liphela kwimarike ye-elektroniki yabathengi, ubugcisa obutsha yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kumashishini ukuba agcine ukhuphiswano. Amashishini kamabonakude aseTshayina kufuneka anyuse utyalo-mali lwe-R & D, aphucule umxholo weteknoloji kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo leemveliso zikamabonakude, ezinje ngokuphuhlisa iimveliso eziphezulu ezifana neeTV ezikrelekrele, iiTV ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye neeTV ze-quantum dot, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zabathengi kumazwe akwindlela yokufumana iimveliso ze-elektroniki ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha, amashishini anokuphucula umgangatho wokwahluka kwemveliso, aphucule ukhuphiswano lweempawu, aze ngaloo ndlela aphume phambili kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike.
(2) Ukuqinisa uLwakhiwo lweeBrand kunye nokuThengisa
Uphawu luyinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini. Kwiimarike ezikufutshane ne-“Belt and Road”, ulwazi ngeempawu kunye nodumo kubalulekile ekuthengisweni kweemveliso zikamabonwakude. Amashishini kamabonwakude aseTshayina kufuneka agxile ekukhuthazeni uphawu, kwaye aphucule ulwazi ngeempawu kunye nodumo lwazo kumazwe akufutshane nendlela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe, ukubamba ukuqaliswa kwemveliso, ukuqhuba amaphulo entengiso kunye nezinye iindlela. Kwangaxeshanye, yomeleza intsebenziswano nabathengisi basekuhlaleni kunye nabathengisi, yandisa iindlela zokuthengisa, useke inethiwekhi epheleleyo yokuthengisa kunye nenkonzo, kwaye uphucule ukuqatshelwa nokuthembeka kwabathengi kuphawu.
(3) Ukuqinisa iNtsebenziswano kwiShishini
Ukuze zilungelelanise ngcono imfuno yemarike ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", amashishini aseTshayina umabonwakude kufuneka aqinise intsebenziswano namazwe akwindlela kuluhlu lweshishini likamabonwakude. Umzekelo, misela iziseko zemveliso yezinto eziluhlaza kumazwe atyebileyo ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuzinzileyo kwezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye umisele iifektri zokuhlanganisa kumazwe aneendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Ngokuqinisa intsebenziswano yemizi-mveliso, amashishini anokufikelela kwiingenelo ezihambelanayo, aphucule intsebenziswano yemizi-mveliso, kwaye aphucule isikhundla sawo kuluhlu lwemizi-mveliso lwehlabathi.
(4) Ukunika Ingqwalasela kwiMigaqo-nkqubo kunye neZilumkiso zoMngcipheko kwangethuba
Xa beqhuba ishishini lorhwebo lwangaphandle ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", amashishini kamabonwakude aseTshayina kufuneka ajonge ngokusondeleyo utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo yamazwe akufutshane nendlela kwaye alungise amaqhinga awo oshishino ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisa ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokulumkisa umngcipheko kwangethuba ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zorhwebo kwangaphambili. Amashishini anokugcina unxibelelwano olusondeleyo namasebe karhulumente, imibutho yoshishino kunye neminye imibutho ukuze afumane ulwazi lwamva nje lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuguquguquka kwemarike, enze izicwangciso zokuphendula umngcipheko ezifanelekileyo, kwaye aqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwamashishini.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-24-2025
