I. Ngā Huarahi
(1) Te tipu haere o te hiahia o te mākete
He maha ngā whenua o te "Belt and Road" e pāngia ana e te whanaketanga ōhanga pai, ā, e piki haere ana te paerewa oranga o ngā kainoho, e whakaatu ana i te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā hikohiko kaihoko. Hei tauira, ko te rohe o ASEAN, e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te 30 piriona tāra US te rahi o te mākete taputapu kāinga i te tau 2025, me te tere tipu ā-tau neke atu i te 8%. Mā tēnei hiahia nui o te mākete ka whakaratohia he wāhi whanaketanga whānui mō ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Haina. Hei tāpiri, i ngā whenua o Āhia Waenganui pērā i a Uzbekistan, me te whai hua o te mākete whenua, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia o ngā kainoho mō ngā pouaka whakaata me ētahi atu taputapu kāinga, e whakarato ana i te tautoko kaha o te mākete mō ngā hoko pouaka whakaata.
(2) Te Whakawhanui i te Tauine Hokohoko
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te hokohoko a Haina me ngā whenua kei te taha o te "Belt and Road", ā, kua whānui haere tonu te tauine hokohoko. I te tau 2023, i piki ake ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake a Haina ki ngā whenua kei te taha o te "Belt and Road" mā te 16.8%, ā, ko te 2.04 trillion yuan o aua kaweake, he pikinga ake mā te 25.3%. I roto i ngā tau 10 kua pahure ake nei, kua piki ake te ōwehenga o ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake a Haina ki ngā whenua kei te taha o te huarahi i roto i te hokohoko ki tāwāhi whānui mai i te 25% i te tau 2013 ki te 32.9% i te tau 2022. I ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o te tau 2024, ko te tapeke o ngā hokohoko i waenga i a Haina me ngā whenua kei te taha o te "Belt and Road" i eke ki te 157.4277 piriona tāra US, he pikinga ake mā te 4.53% i ia tau, e 34.6% o te tapeke o ngā hokohoko ki tāwāhi a Haina. E whakaatu ana tēnei raraunga kua whakaratohia e te kaupapa "Belt and Road" he pūmanawa nui mō te kaweake i ngā hikohiko kaihoko pēnei i ngā pouaka whakaata i Haina, ā, nā te whānui haere tonu o te tauine hokohoko kua nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi me ngā painga ōhanga ki ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Haina.
(3) Te Whakapakari i te Mahi Ngātahi ki te Pūtea
Hei kukume i te haumitanga mai i tāwāhi me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ōhanga, kua whakaurua e ētahi whenua i te taha o te "Belt and Road" he raupapa o ngā kaupapa here pai pēnei i ngā whakatenatena taake. Mā ēnei kaupapa here pai ka whakaratohia he āhuatanga pai mō ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana ki te haumi me te hanga wheketere. Hei tauira, ko ngā whenua o Āhia Waenganui pēnei i a Uzbekistan, me ō rātou rauemi taiao whai rawa me ngā utu mahi iti, kua kukume mai i te tini o ngā umanga Haina ki te haumi ki reira. Ka taea e ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Haina te whakamahi i ngā painga o te kaupapa here haumi ā-rohe ki te hanga turanga whakaputa, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, te whakarei ake i te whakataetae mākete o ā rātou hua, ā, i te wa ano, ka āwhina i te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe me te whakatutuki i te mahi tahi toa-toa.
(4) Hanganga Kaweake Kanorau
Mā te kaupapa "Belt and Road", ka taea e ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana te whakawhānui ake i ngā mākete kaweake kanorau, te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mākete tuku iho pērā i a Ūropi me Amerika, me te whakapakari ake i ō rātou kaha ātete mōrearea. I te taha o te piki haere o ngā āwangawanga o te āhua ōhanga o te ao, he mea nui tēnei whakatakotoranga mākete kanorau mō te whanaketanga pumau o ngā umanga. Mai i Hanuere ki Mei 2024, i piki ake ngā kaweake taputapu kāinga a Haina ki Āwherika mā te 16.8% i ia tau, ā, i piki ake ngā kaweake ki te mākete Arab League mā te 15.1% i ia tau. E whakaata katoa ana tēnei raraunga i te ia o te tipu kaweake o ngā hikohiko kaihoko pērā i ngā pouaka whakaata mai i Haina ki ngā mākete putaiao i te taha o te "Belt and Road". Mā te hanganga o tētahi hanganga kaweake kanorau ka āwhina i ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana ki te aro atu ki ngā momo mōrearea me ngā wero i te mākete o te ao.
II. Ngā Wero
(1) Ngā Ārai Tauhokohoko me ngā Mōrearea
Ahakoa kua whakatairangahia e te kaupapa "Belt and Road" te mahi tahi ōhanga i waenga i ngā whenua i te huarahi, kei te mau tonu te hiahia o ētahi whenua ki te tiaki hokohoko, ā, ka whakatū pea i ngā arai hokohoko, pērā i te whakapiki i ngā taripa me te whakatakoto paerewa hangarau, hei whakapiki i te uaua o te kaweake i ngā pouaka whakaata Hainamana. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga kore pumau pērā i ngā pakanga ā-rohe ka kawea mai hoki he mōrearea ki ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana. Hei tauira, i te kaha haere o te pakanga i waenga i a Rūhia me Ukraine, ka pāngia ngā umanga Haina e ngā mōrearea whiu me ngā wero ture i roto i ngā kaweake ki Rūhia. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa tēnei ki ngā mahi hokohoko noa o ngā umanga engari ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga o te maia o te mākete, ka whakapiki ake i ngā utu whakahaere me ngā āwangawanga o ngā umanga.
(2) Te Whakataetae Mākete Kua Kaha Ake
I te whanaketanga o te kaupapa "Belt and Road", kei te piki haere tonu te ataahua o ngā mākete i te taha o te huarahi, ā, kei te kaha haere te whakataetae mākete. I tētahi taha, ka whakanuia hoki e ngā waitohu pouaka whakaata o ētahi atu whenua ā rātou whakatakotoranga i ngā mākete i te taha o te huarahi, ka whakataetae mō te wāhi mākete. I tētahi atu taha, kei te whanake haere ngā ahumahi pouaka whakaata ā-rohe i ētahi whenua i te taha o te huarahi, ā, ka whakataetae anō hoki ki ngā hua Haina. Me whakapakari tonu ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Haina i ō rātou whakataetae matua, me te whakapai ake i te mahi hua me te kounga ratonga, kia taea ai te aro atu ki te pēhanga whakataetae mai i ngā hoa o roto me tāwāhi.
(3) Ngā Rerekētanga Ahurea me te Whakamahinga
He maha ngā whenua kei te taha o te "Wheel and Road", ā, he nui ngā rerekētanga o te ahurea me ngā tikanga kai. He rerekē ngā tono me ngā manakohanga a ngā kaihoko i ngā whenua rerekē mō ngā mahi, te āhua, te mōhiotanga waitohu me ētahi atu āhuatanga o ngā pouaka whakaata. Hei tauira, ko ētahi whenua ka aro nui ake ngā kaihoko ki ngā mahi honohono atamai o ngā pouaka whakaata, ko ētahi atu whenua ia ka nui ake te aro o ngā kaihoko ki te roa me te whai hua o ngā hua. Me mārama hōhonu ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana ki te mākete ā-rohe, me te whakarerekē i ā rātou rautaki hua kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko rerekē. Kāore e kore ka piki ake ngā utu rangahau mākete me te whakawhanaketanga hua o ngā umanga, ā, ka piki ake ngā whakaritenga mō te urutau mākete o ngā umanga.
III. Ngā Rautaki Whakatutuki
(1) Te Auahatanga Hangarau me te Whakapai Ake i te Hua
I roto i te horopaki o te whakataetae nui haere o te ao i roto i te mākete hikohiko kaihoko, ko te auahatanga hangarau te mea nui mō ngā umanga kia mau tonu te whakataetae. Me whakanui ake e ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Haina te haumi R&D, me whakapai ake i ngā ihirangi hangarau me te uara tāpiri o ngā hua pouaka whakaata, pēnei i te whakawhanake i ngā hua kounga teitei pēnei i ngā pouaka whakaata atamai, ngā pouaka whakaata whakamāramatanga teitei, me ngā pouaka whakaata ira-kōtui, kia tutuki ai te hiahia o ngā kaihoko i ngā whenua e whai ana i te huarahi mō ngā hua hiko kounga teitei. Mā te auahatanga hangarau, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakapai ake i te taumata o te rerekētanga o ngā hua, te whakarei ake i te whakataetae waitohu, ā, nō reira ka tū atu i roto i te whakataetae nui o te mākete.
(2) Te Whakapakari i te Hanga Waitohu me te Hokohoko
He taonga nui te waitohu mō tētahi umanga. I ngā mākete i te taha o te "Belt and Road", he mea nui te mōhiotanga me te ingoa rongonui mō te hoko o ngā hua pouaka whakaata. Me arotahi ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana ki te whakatairanga i te waitohu, me te whakarei ake i te mōhiotanga me te ingoa rongonui o te waitohu i ngā whenua i te taha o te huarahi mā te whai wāhi atu ki ngā whakaaturanga o te ao, te whakahaere i ngā whakarewatanga hua, te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa pānuitanga me ētahi atu huarahi. I taua wā anō, me whakapakari te mahi tahi me ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaihokohoko ā-rohe, te whakawhānui ake i ngā hongere hoko, te whakatū i tētahi whatunga hoko me te ratonga katoa, me te whakapai ake i te mōhiotanga me te pono o ngā kaihoko ki te waitohu.
(3) Te Whakahōhonu i te Mahi Ngātahi Ahumahi
Kia pai ake ai te urutau ki te tono a te mākete i runga i te "Wheel and Road", me whakapakari e ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana te mahi tahi me ngā whenua kei te ara o te mekameka ahumahi pouaka whakaata. Hei tauira, whakatūria he turanga whakaputa rauemi mata ki ngā whenua whai rawa hei whakarite i te pumau o te tuku rauemi mata, me te whakatū i ngā wheketere huihuinga ki ngā whenua he iti te utu mahi hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. Mā te hohonu ake o te mahi tahi ahumahi, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakatutuki i ngā painga tautoko, te whakapai ake i te mahi tahi ahumahi, me te whakarei ake i tō rātou tūranga i roto i te mekameka ahumahi o te ao.
(4) Te Aro ki ngā Āhuatanga Kaupapa Here me te Whakatūpato Mōrearea Moata
I te wā e whakahaere ana ngā pakihi hokohoko ki tāwāhi i te taha o te "Belt and Road", me aro turuki ngā umanga pouaka whakaata Hainamana i ngā huringa o ngā kaupapa here me ngā ture o ngā whenua i te taha o te huarahi, me te whakarerekē i ā rātou rautaki pakihi i te wā tika. I te wā anō, me whakapakari te hanganga o te tikanga whakatūpato mōrearea mō te ārai i ngā mōrearea hokohoko i mua i te wā. Ka taea e ngā umanga te pupuri i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tata ki ngā tari kāwanatanga, ngā rōpū ahumahi me ētahi atu whakahaere kia whiwhi ai i ngā mōhiohio kaupapa here hou me ngā whanaketanga mākete, kia whakatakoto mahere whakautu mōrearea e rite ana, me te whakarite kia pumau te mahi a ngā umanga.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2025
