I. Amathuba
(1) Ukukhula Kwesidingo Semakethe
Amazwe amaningi eduze kwe-"Belt and Road" ahlangabezana nokuthuthuka okuhle komnotho futhi kancane kancane athuthukisa amazinga okuphila abahlali, okubonisa ukuthambekela okucacile okukhuphukayo kwesidingo sama-electronics abathengi. Thatha isifunda se-ASEAN njengesibonelo, usayizi wemakethe yezinto zikagesi zasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi udlule amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngo-2025, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elingaphezu kuka-8%. Lesi sidingo esikhulu semakethe sinikeza indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi njenge-Uzbekistan, ngokuchuma kwemakethe yezindlu, isidingo sabahlali samathelevishini nezinye izinto zasendlini sikhula ngokuqhubekayo, sinikeza ukusekelwa okuqinile kwemakethe ekuthengisweni kwamathelevishini.
(2) Ukwandisa Isikali Sohwebo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhwebelana kweShayina namazwe agudle “Ibhande Nomgwaqo” sekwande kakhulu futhi izinga lokuhwebelana lilokhu liqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2023, ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwe-China emazweni aseduze ne-"Belt and Road" kukhule ngo-16.8%, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe bekungama-yuan angama-trillion angu-2.04, kukhuphuke ngo-25.3%. Esikhathini eside, phakathi neminyaka eyi-10 edlule, ingxenye yemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yaseChina emazweni agudle umzila ekuhwebeni kwamazwe angaphandle iyonke ikhule isuka ku-25% ngo-2013 yaya ku-32.9% ngo-2022. Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2024, inani lohwebo eliphelele phakathi kweChina namazwe agudle "Ibhande Nomgwaqo" lifinyelele kuma-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-42, 53 ngo-157. unyaka nonyaka, ibalwa ku-34.6% wesamba sesamba sohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina. Le datha ikhombisa ngokugcwele ukuthi uhlelo lwe-“Belt and Road” lunikeze ithuba elikhulu lemakethe lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo ezifana namathelevishini e-China, futhi ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesikali sohwebo kulethe amathuba ebhizinisi engeziwe kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho ezinkampanini zethelevishini zaseShayina.
(3) Ukuqinisa Ukubambisana Kwezokutshalwa Kwezimali
Ukuze kuhehwe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, amanye amazwe ahambisana ne-“Belt and Road” ethule uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo ezifana nezibonelelo zentela. Lezi zinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo zinikeza izimo ezivumayo ukuze amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina atshale futhi akhe izimboni. Isibonelo, amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi njenge-Uzbekistan, anemithombo yawo yemvelo ecebile kanye nezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi, ahehe inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi atshale imali lapho. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina angasebenzisa izinzuzo zenqubomgomo yendawo yokutshalwa kwezimali ukwakha izisekelo zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe yemikhiqizo yawo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, asize ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wendawo kanye nokuzuza ukubambisana okuzuzisayo.
(4) Isakhiwo Sempahla Ethunyelwayo Ehlukahlukene
Ngosizo lohlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina anganweba izimakethe ezithumela kwamanye amazwe ezihlukene, anciphise ukuncika ezimakethe ezivamile ezifana neYurophu neMelika, futhi athuthukise amandla awo okumelana nezingozi. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokungaqiniseki okwandayo esimweni somnotho womhlaba, lokhu kuhlelwa kwezimakethe ezihlukene kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile kwamabhizinisi. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi 2024, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yasekhaya yaseChina e-Afrika kukhuphuke ngo-16.8% unyaka nonyaka, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emakethe ye-Arab League kukhuphuke ngo-15.1% unyaka nonyaka. Le datha ibonisa ngokugcwele inkambiso yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kagesi yabathengi efana nomabonakude ukusuka e-China kuya ezimakethe ezisafufusa eduze kwe-“Belt and Road”. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuthekelisa esixubile kusiza amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina ukuthi abhekane kangcono nezingozi nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene emakethe yomhlaba.
II. Izinselele
(1) Izithiyo Zohwebo Nezingozi
Nakuba uhlelo lwe-“Belt and Road” lukhuthaze ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe ahambisana nomzila, amanye amazwe asenomkhuba wokuvikela uhwebo futhi angase abeke imigoqo yokuhweba, njengokwenyusa amanani kanye nokubeka izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe, ukuze kwandiswe ubunzima bokuthumela amathelevishini aseShayina kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezingazinzile njengezingxabano zezwe nazo ziletha ubungozi emabhizinisini kamabonakude aseShayina. Isibonelo, njengoba ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Russia ne-Ukraine kuya ngokushuba, amabhizinisi aseShayina abhekana nezingozi zonswinyo kanye nezinselelo zokuthobela ekuthunyelweni okuya e-Russia. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela imisebenzi evamile yokuhweba yamabhizinisi kodwa futhi kungase kuholele ekulahlekelweni ukuzethemba kwemakethe, kukhuphule izindleko zokusebenza nokungaqiniseki kwamabhizinisi.
(2) Ukuncintisana Kwemakethe Okuqinisiwe
Ngokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”, ukukhanga kwezimakethe ezigudle umzila kukhula njalo, futhi ukuncintisana kwezimakethe kuya ngokuya kushuba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhrendi kamabonakude avela kwamanye amazwe nawo azokwandisa ukuma kwawo ezimakethe ezisemgwaqweni futhi aqhudelane ngesabelo semakethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimboni zasekhaya zethelevishini kwamanye amazwe ahambisana nomzila zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zizokwenza ukuncintisana okuthile nemikhiqizo yaseShayina. Lokhu kudinga amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina ukuthi aqhubeke ethuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo okubalulekile, athuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi, ukuze abhekane nengcindezi yokuncintisana evela kontanga basekhaya nabangaphandle.
(3) Umehluko Wamasiko Nokusetshenziswa
Kunamazwe amaningi eduze kwe-"Belt and Road", futhi kunomehluko omkhulu emasikweni nasekusebenziseni imikhuba. Abathengi emazweni ahlukene banezidingo nezintandokazi ezahlukene zemisebenzi, ukubukeka, ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo kanye nezinye izici zamathelevishini. Isibonelo, abathengi kwamanye amazwe bangase banake kakhulu imisebenzi yokuxhumana ehlakaniphile yamathelevishini, kuyilapho abathengi bakwamanye amazwe bangakwazisa ukuqina nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zemikhiqizo. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina adinga ukuqonda okujulile ngemakethe yendawo futhi alungise amasu omkhiqizo wawo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi abahlukene. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kwandisa ucwaningo lwemakethe kanye nezindleko zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo zamabhizinisi futhi kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuguquguquka kwemakethe yamabhizinisi.
III. Amasu Okubhekana Nezinkinga
(1) Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo
Esimweni sokuncintisana komhlaba wonke okushubile emakethe ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuwukhiye wamabhizinisi ukuze alondoloze ukuncintisana. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina kufanele akhulise utshalomali lwe-R & D, athuthukise okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo kamabonakude, njengokwenza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu njengama-smart TV, ama-TV anencazelo ephezulu, nama-TV amachashazi e-quantum, ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo sabathengi emazweni asendleleni yemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yeqophelo eliphezulu. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo, athuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela agqame emqhudelwaneni oshubile wemakethe.
(2) Ukuqinisa Ukwakhiwa Kwemikhiqizo Nokumaketha
Ibhrendi iyimpahla ebalulekile yebhizinisi. Ezimakethe eziku-“Belt and Road”, ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kanye nesithunzi kubalulekile ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo kamabonakude. Amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina kufanele agxile ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, futhi athuthukise ukuqwashisa kanye nesithunzi somkhiqizo emazweni agudle umzila ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukubamba ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo, ukwenza imikhankaso yokukhangisa nezinye izindlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukubambisana nabathengisi bendawo nabathengisi, khulisa iziteshi zokuthengisa, sungula inethiwekhi ephelele yokuthengisa nesevisi, futhi uthuthukise ukuqashelwa kwabathengi nokwethembeka kumkhiqizo.
(3) Ukujulisa Ukubambisana Kwezimboni
Ukuze uvumelane kangcono nesidingo semakethe eduze kwe-"Belt and Road", amabhizinisi aseShayina amathelevishini kufanele aqinise ukubambisana namazwe asendleleni echungechungeni lwemboni yethelevishini. Isibonelo, sungula izisekelo zokukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe emazweni anothile ngezinsiza ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi umise izimboni zokuhlanganisa emazweni anezindleko eziphansi zomsebenzi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokujulisa ukubambisana kwezimboni, amabhizinisi angazuza izinzuzo ezihambisanayo, athuthukise ukusebenzisana kwezimboni, futhi athuthukise isikhundla sawo ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke.
(4) Ukunaka Ukuguquguquka Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nesexwayiso Sangaphambi Kwengozi
Lapho beqhuba ibhizinisi lohwebo lwangaphandle eduze kwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi kamabonakude waseShayina kudingeka aqaphe ngokucophelela izinguquko zezinqubomgomo nemithetho yamazwe asendleleni futhi alungise amasu ebhizinisi lawo kusenesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi ukuvimbela ubungozi bokuhweba kusenesikhathi. Amabhizinisi angagcina ukuxhumana okuseduze neminyango kahulumeni, izinhlangano zezimboni nezinye izinhlangano ukuze bathole ulwazi lwakamuva lwenqubomgomo kanye nokuguquguquka kwezimakethe, benze izinhlelo ezihambisanayo zokusabela engozini, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamabhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-24-2025
