I. Amathuba
(1) Ukukhula kweMfuno yeMarike
Amazwe amaninzi ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road" afumana uphuhliso oluhle lwezoqoqosho kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aphucula imigangatho yokuphila yabahlali, ebonisa ukuthambekela okucacileyo okunyukayo kwimfuno ye-elektroniki yabathengi. Thatha ummandla we-ASEAN njengomzekelo, ubungakanani bemakethi yesixhobo sasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba budlule kwi-30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2025, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezulu kwe-8%. Le mfuno yentengiso inkulu ibonelela ngendawo yophuhliso ebanzi kumashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina. Ukongeza, kumazwe akuMbindi we-Asiya anjenge-Uzbekistan, ngokuchuma kwemarike yezindlu, imfuno yabahlali koomabonwakude kunye nezinye izixhobo zasekhaya nazo ziyanda ngokuqhubekayo, zibonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yentengiso yokuthengisa oomabonwakude.
(2) Ukwandiswa kweScale soRhwebo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhwebo lwaseTshayina namazwe asecaleni kwe “Belt and Road” luye lwaxhaphaka kwaye isikali sorhwebo siye sakhula. Ngo-2023, ukuthengwa kwe-China kunye nokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe akufutshane ne-"Belt kunye neNdlela" kukhule nge-16.8%, apho ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwakuyi-2.04 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, inyuke nge-25.3%. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, umyinge China kunye nokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe ecaleni kwendlela kurhwebo lwangaphandle iyonke iye yanda ukusuka 25% ngo-2013 ukuya 32.9% ngo-2022. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala 2024, umthamo urhwebo lilonke phakathi China kunye namazwe ecaleni "Belt and Road" ifikelele kwi-dollar ye-42, 577 . unyaka nonyaka, ibalelwa kwi-34.6% yomthamo worhwebo wangaphandle waseTshayina. Le datha ibonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba inyathelo elithi "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela" libonelele ngexabiso elikhulu lemarike yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinto zombane zabathengi ezifana nomabonakude e-China, kwaye ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesikali sorhwebo kuzise amathuba amaninzi oshishino kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kumashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina.
(3) Ukomeleza iNtsebenziswano yoTyalo-mali
Ukuze kutsalwe utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho, amanye amazwe akwi "Belt and Road" azise uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo efana nenkuthazo yerhafu. Le migaqo-nkqubo ikhethekileyo ibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo kumashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina ukuba atyale imali kwaye akhe iifektri. Umzekelo, amazwe akuMbindi weAsia anjengeUzbekistan, anobutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, atsale inani elikhulu lamashishini aseTshayina ukuba atyale imali apho. Amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina angathatha ithuba leenzuzo zomgaqo-nkqubo wotyalo-mali wasekhaya ukwakha iziseko zemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, ukwandisa ukukhuphisana kweemveliso zabo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, bancede ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nokuzuza intsebenziswano eyimpumelelo.
(4) Ulwakhiwo oluDibeneyo lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe
Ngoncedo lwenyathelo le-“Belt and Road”, amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina anokwandisa iimarike zokuthengisa ngaphandle, anciphise ukuxhomekeka kwiimarike zemveli ezifana neYurophu neMelika, kwaye aphucule amandla awo okumelana nomngcipheko. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokwanda kokungaqiniseki kwimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, olu yilo lwahluka-hlukeneyo lwemalike lubalulekile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kutsho kuMeyi ka-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwesixhobo sasekhaya saseTshayina e-Afrika kunyuke nge-16.8% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike ye-Arab League kunyuke nge-15.1% unyaka nonyaka. Le datha ibonisa ngokupheleleyo indlela yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kubathengi be-elektroniki abafana noomabonakude abasuka e-China ukuya kwiimarike ezisakhulayo ecaleni kwe-“Belt and Road”. Ukwenziwa kolwakhiwo lokuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunceda amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina ukumelana ngcono nemingcipheko eyahlukeneyo kunye nemingeni kwimarike yehlabathi.
II. Imingeni
(1) Imiqobo yoRhwebo kunye nemingcipheko
Nangona inyathelo elithi "Belt and Road" likhuthaze intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe asecaleni kwendlela, amanye amazwe asenotyekelo lokukhusela urhwebo kwaye anokubeka imiqobo yorhwebo, efana nokunyuswa kweerhafu kunye nokumisela imigangatho yobugcisa, ukunyusa ubunzima bokuthumela ngaphandle koomabonakude baseTshayina. Ukongeza, izinto ezingazinzanga ezinjengongquzulwano lwezelizwe nazo zizisa umngcipheko kumashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko ingxabano phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine isanda, amashishini aseTshayina ajongene nemingcipheko yezohlwayo kunye nemingeni yokuthotyelwa kwempahla ethunyelwa eRashiya. Oku akuchaphazeli nje kuphela imisebenzi yorhwebo eqhelekileyo yamashishini kodwa kunokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nokuzithemba kwimarike, ukonyusa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokungaqiniseki kwamashishini.
(2) Ukhuphiswano lweMarike oluyandisiweyo
Ngokuqhubela phambili kwenyathelo elithi "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela", umtsalane weemarike ecaleni kwendlela uhlala ukhula, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya lusiba lukhulu ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, iibrendi zikamabonakude ezisuka kwamanye amazwe nazo ziya kwandisa uyilo lwazo kwiimarike ezisecaleni kwendlela kwaye zikhuphisane ngesabelo semarike. Kwelinye icala, amashishini kamabonakude asekhaya kwamanye amazwe ecaleni kwendlela ayakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye aya kwenza ukhuphiswano oluthile neemveliso zaseTshayina. Oku kufuna ukuba amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina aqhubeke ephucula ukhuphiswano lwawo olungundoqo, aphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo, ukuze akwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluvela kubalingane basekhaya nabangaphandle.
(3) Iiyantlukwano zeNkcubeko kunye nokuSetyenziswa
Kukho amazwe amaninzi ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", kwaye kukho ukungafani okukhulu kwinkcubeko kunye nemikhwa yokusetyenziswa. Abathengi kumazwe ahlukeneyo banemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhethwa kwemisebenzi, inkangeleko, ukuqaphela uphawu kunye neminye imiba kamabonakude. Umzekelo, abathengi kwamanye amazwe banokunika ingqwalasela engakumbi kwimisebenzi ekrelekrele yoqhagamshelo lukamabonakude, ngelixa abathengi bakwamanye amazwe benokuxabisa ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweemveliso ngakumbi. Amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina kufuneka abe nokuqonda okunzulu kwimarike yasekhaya kwaye ahlengahlengise izicwangciso zabo zemveliso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi abohlukeneyo. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwandisa uphando lwemarike kunye neendleko zophuhliso lwemveliso yamashishini kwaye kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokuguquguquka kwemarike yamashishini.
III. Ubuchule bokuhlangabezana
(1) Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji kunye noPhuculo lweMveliso
Kumxholo wokhuphiswano oluya lusanda lwehlabathi kwimakethi ye-elektroniki yabathengi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe yeyona nto iphambili kumashishini ukugcina ukukhuphisana. Amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina kufuneka anyuse utyalo-mali lwe-R & D, aphucule umxholo wetekhnoloji kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo leemveliso zikamabonwakude, ezinjengokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana noomabonakude abakrelekrele, iiTV ezinengcaciso ephezulu, kunye noomabonakude be-quantum dot, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi kumazwe asecaleni kwendlela yeemveliso zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji entsha, amashishini anokuphucula inqanaba lokwahlulwa kwemveliso, aphucule ukukhuphisana kwebrendi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela agqame kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike.
(2) Ukomeleza uKwakha iBrand kunye neNtengiso
Uphawu luyi-asethi ebalulekileyo yeshishini. Kwiimarike ezisecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", ulwazi lophawu kunye nodumo lubalulekile ekuthengisweni kweemveliso zikamabonakude. Amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina kufuneka agxininise ekunyuseni umgangatho wophawu, kwaye akhulise ulwazi nodumo lwebrendi kumazwe asendleleni ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe, ukubamba ukuqaliswa kwemveliso, ukwenza amaphulo entengiso nezinye iindlela. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisa intsebenziswano kunye nabathengisi bendawo kunye nabathengisi, ukwandisa amajelo okuthengisa, ukuseka ukuthengisa okupheleleyo kunye nenethiwekhi yenkonzo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqatshelwa kwabathengi kunye nokunyaniseka kwi-brand.
(3) Ukuqinisa iNtsebenziswano yoShishino
Ukuze ulungelelanise ngcono imfuno yemarike ecaleni kwe "Belt kunye neNdlela", umabonakude wamashishini aseTshayina kufuneka omeleze intsebenziswano kunye namazwe asendleleni kwikhonkco loshishino lukamabonakude. Umzekelo, misela iziseko zemveliso yemathiriyeli ekrwada kumazwe atyebileyo ngemithombo yobutyebi ukuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, kwaye umise iifektri zokudibanisa kumazwe aneendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Ngokwenza nzulu intsebenziswano yemizi-mveliso, amashishini anokufezekisa izibonelelo ezincedisanayo, aphucule intsebenziswano yamashishini, kwaye aphucule isikhundla sawo kumxokelelwane wemizi-mveliso wehlabathi.
(4) Ukuthathela ingqalelo uGunyaziso loMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neSilumkiso sakwangethuba soMngcipheko
Xa uqhuba ishishini lokurhweba lwangaphandle ecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", amashishini kamabonakude waseTshayina kufuneka abeke iliso elibukhali utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo yamazwe ecaleni kwendlela kunye nokulungelelanisa izicwangciso zabo zoshishino ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisa ulwakhiwo lomngcipheko kwangethuba ukuthintela imingcipheko yorhwebo kwangaphambili. Amashishini anokugcina unxibelelwano olusondeleyo namasebe karhulumente, imibutho yoshishino kunye neminye imibutho ukufumana ulwazi lomgaqo-nkqubo wamva nje kunye nokutshintsha kweemarike, ukwenza izicwangciso ezihambelanayo zokuphendula umngcipheko, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwamashishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-24-2025
