I. Amahirwe
(1) Kwiyongera kw'isoko
Ibihugu byinshi bikikije “Umukandara n'Umuhanda” birimo gutera imbere mu bukungu kandi bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro imibereho y'abaturage, bikerekana ko bizamuka cyane mu gukenera ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Dufate akarere ka ASEAN nk'urugero, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo riteganijwe kurenga miliyari 30 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025, hamwe n’ubwiyongere buri mwaka burenga 8%. Iri soko rikomeye ritanga isoko ryiterambere ryinganda za tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, mu bihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati nka Uzubekisitani, hamwe n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa, abaturage bakeneye televiziyo n’ibindi bikoresho byo mu rugo na byo bigenda byiyongera, bitanga isoko rikomeye ryo kugurisha televiziyo.
(2) Kwagura igipimo cy'ubucuruzi
Mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu bikikije “Umukandara n’umuhanda” bwarushijeho kuba bwinshi kandi n’ubucuruzi bwakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2023, Ubushinwa butumiza mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu bikikije “Umukandara n'Umuhanda” byiyongereyeho 16.8%, muri byo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari miliyari 2.04, byiyongereyeho 25.3%. Mu gihe kirekire, mu myaka 10 ishize, umubare w’ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu bikikije iyo nzira mu bucuruzi rusange bw’amahanga byiyongereye kuva kuri 25% muri 2013 bigera kuri 32.9% muri 2022. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, ibicuruzwa byose by’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu bikikije “Umukandara n’umuhanda” byageze kuri miliyari 157.4277 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 4.53% mu mwaka ushize. Aya makuru yerekana neza ko gahunda ya "Umukandara n'Umuhanda" yatanze isoko rikomeye ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byoherezwa mu mahanga nka televiziyo mu Bushinwa, kandi gukomeza kwagura ubucuruzi byazanye amahirwe menshi y’ubucuruzi n’inyungu mu bukungu ku bigo bya televiziyo by’Ubushinwa.
(3) Gushimangira ubufatanye bw'ishoramari
Mu rwego rwo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no guteza imbere ubukungu, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe by '“Umukandara n’umuhanda” byashyizeho politiki y’inyungu nko gutanga imisoro. Izi politiki zinyuranye zitanga uburyo bwiza kubigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa gushora imari no kubaka inganda. Kurugero, ibihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati nka Uzubekisitani, hamwe numutungo kamere ukungahaye hamwe nigiciro gito cyakazi, byatumye imishinga myinshi yubushinwa ishora imari. Ibigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa birashobora kwifashisha inyungu za politiki z’ishoramari zaho kugira ngo zubake ibirindiro by’umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro, kuzamura isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byabo, kandi muri icyo gihe, bifasha guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ibanze no kugera ku bufatanye bw’inyungu.
(4) Imiterere itandukanye yo kohereza hanze
Hifashishijwe gahunda ya "Umukandara n'Umuhanda", ibigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa birashobora kwagura amasoko atandukanye yoherezwa mu mahanga, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku masoko gakondo nk'Uburayi na Amerika, kandi bikongerera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka. Kuruhande rwibintu byiyongera mubibazo byubukungu bwisi yose, iyi miterere itandukanye yisoko ningirakamaro mugutezimbere kwimishinga ihamye. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Gicurasi 2024, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byo mu Bushinwa byohereza muri Afurika byiyongereyeho 16.8% umwaka ushize, naho ibyoherezwa mu isoko ry’Abarabu byiyongereyeho 15.1% umwaka ushize. Aya makuru yerekana neza uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga nka tereviziyo ziva mu Bushinwa kugera ku masoko azamuka ku “Muhanda n'Umuhanda”. Ishirwaho ryimiterere itandukanye yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bifasha inganda za tereviziyo zUbushinwa guhangana neza ningaruka zitandukanye nibibazo ku isoko ryisi.
II. Inzitizi
(1) Inzitizi z'ubucuruzi n'ingaruka
Nubwo gahunda ya “Umukandara n’umuhanda” yateje imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati y’ibihugu bigenda, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe biracyafite imyumvire yo gukumira ibicuruzwa kandi birashobora gushyiraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi nko kongera imisoro no gushyiraho ibipimo bya tekiniki, kugira ngo byongere ingorane zo kohereza televiziyo z’Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bitajegajega nk’amakimbirane ya politiki nabyo bizana ingaruka ku bigo bya tereviziyo by’Ubushinwa. Urugero, uko amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine akomeje kwiyongera, inganda z’Abashinwa zihura n’ibihano ndetse n’ibibazo byo kubahiriza ibyoherezwa mu Burusiya. Ibi ntibireba gusa ibikorwa byubucuruzi bisanzwe byinganda ahubwo birashobora no gutuma umuntu atakaza ikizere cyisoko, byongera ibiciro byimikorere nibidashidikanywaho byinganda.
(2) Amarushanwa akomeye ku isoko
Hamwe niterambere rya gahunda ya "Umukandara n Umuhanda", ubwiza bwamasoko kumuhanda burahora bwiyongera, kandi amarushanwa kumasoko agenda arushaho gukomera. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibirango bya tereviziyo biva mu bindi bihugu nabyo bizongera imiterere yabyo ku masoko kumuhanda kandi bihatane kugabana isoko. Ku rundi ruhande, inganda za tereviziyo zaho mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi bizanakora amarushanwa amwe n’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa. Ibi birasaba ibigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa guhora byongera ubushobozi bwabyo mu guhatanira amasoko, kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ubuziranenge bwa serivisi, kugira ngo bihangane n’igitutu cyo guhatanira urungano rw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga.
(3) Itandukaniro ry'umuco no gukoresha
Hariho ibihugu byinshi kuruhande rwa "Umukandara n'Umuhanda", kandi hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumico no muburyo bwo gukoresha. Abaguzi mu bihugu bitandukanye bafite ibyifuzo bitandukanye nibyifuzo byabo kumikorere, isura, kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa nibindi bice bya tereviziyo. Kurugero, abaguzi mubihugu bimwe barashobora kwita cyane kumikorere yubwenge ihuza imiyoboro ya tereviziyo, mugihe abaguzi mubindi bihugu bashobora guha agaciro igihe kirekire kandi bikoresha neza ibicuruzwa. Ibigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa bigomba gusobanukirwa byimbitse ku isoko ryaho kandi bigahindura ingamba z’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bikemure abakiriya batandukanye. Nta gushidikanya ko byongera ubushakashatsi ku isoko n’igiciro cyo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa by’inganda kandi bigatanga ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo amasoko ahindurwe ku isoko.
III. Ingamba zo Guhangana
(1) Guhanga udushya no kuzamura ibicuruzwa
Mu rwego rwo guhatana gukabije kwisi yose ku isoko rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ni urufunguzo rw’inganda gukomeza guhangana. Ibigo bya tereviziyo by’Ubushinwa bigomba kongera ishoramari R & D, kunoza ikoranabuhanga no kongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa bya tereviziyo, nko guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka TV zifite ubwenge, televiziyo zisobanutse cyane, hamwe na televiziyo ya kwant, kugira ngo byuzuze ibyifuzo by’abaguzi mu bihugu bikurikira inzira y’ibicuruzwa byiza bya elegitoroniki. Binyuze mu guhanga ikoranabuhanga, ibigo birashobora kuzamura urwego rwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa, kuzamura irushanwa ryamamaza, bityo bikagaragara mumarushanwa akomeye ku isoko.
(2) Gushimangira kubaka ibicuruzwa no kwamamaza
Ikirango numutungo wingenzi wumushinga. Ku masoko akikije “Umukandara n'umuhanda”, kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa no kumenyekana ni ngombwa mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya televiziyo. Ibigo bya tereviziyo y'Ubushinwa bigomba kwibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, no kurushaho kumenyekanisha no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bikurikira inzira binyuze mu kwitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga, gukora ibicuruzwa, gukora ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza n'ubundi buryo. Muri icyo gihe, shimangira ubufatanye n’abacuruzi baho n’abacuruzi, kwagura inzira z’igurisha, gushyiraho umuyoboro wuzuye w’ibicuruzwa na serivisi, no kunoza imenyekanisha ry’abaguzi no kuba indahemuka ku kirango.
(3) Gutezimbere ubufatanye mu nganda
Kugirango duhuze neza n’isoko ku isoko rya “Umukandara n’umuhanda”, televiziyo y’inganda zo mu Bushinwa igomba gushimangira ubufatanye n’ibihugu bikikije inzira mu bucuruzi bwa televiziyo. Kurugero, shiraho ibirindiro by’ibikoresho fatizo mu bihugu bikungahaye ku mutungo kugira ngo habeho itangwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo bihamye, kandi ushyireho inganda ziteranirizwa mu bihugu bifite amafaranga make y’umurimo kugirango ugabanye umusaruro. Binyuze mu kongera ubufatanye mu nganda, inganda zirashobora kugera ku nyungu zuzuzanya, guteza imbere imikoranire y’inganda, no kuzamura umwanya wazo mu rwego rw’inganda ku isi.
(4) Kwitondera Ibikorwa bya Politiki no Kuburira hakiri kare
Iyo ukora ubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga kuri “Umukandara n’umuhanda”, ibigo bya tereviziyo by’Ubushinwa bigomba gukurikiranira hafi impinduka muri politiki n’amabwiriza y’ibihugu biri mu nzira kandi bigahindura ingamba z’ubucuruzi mu gihe gikwiye. Muri icyo gihe, shimangira kubaka uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare kugirango wirinde ingaruka z’ubucuruzi hakiri kare. Ibigo birashobora gukomeza gushyikirana n’inzego za leta, amashyirahamwe y’inganda n’indi miryango kugira ngo ibone amakuru ya politiki agezweho n’ingaruka z’isoko, igena gahunda zijyanye no guhangana n’ingaruka, kandi ikemeza imikorere ihamye y’inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-24-2025
