Ngokusho kwengqungquthela yabezindaba yaminyaka yonke ye-German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association (ZVEI), ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokuma nokwehla, imboni kagesi neyedijithali yaseJalimane kulindeleke ukuthi iqale kabusha ukukhula okokuqala ngo-2026, kanti umkhiqizo wangempela kulindeleke ukuthi ukhuphuke ngo-2% unyaka nonyaka, kuphele ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwemboni kanye nemboni iyonke isizinzile. Lokhu kusimama akuyona ingozi, kodwa umphumela wokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwamasu, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesakhiwo somkhiqizo esenziwe ngcono ngamabhizinisi embonini. Uma sibheka emuva eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ethintwe yizici eziningi ezifana nokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, amanani kagesi akhuphukayo, kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali, imboni kagesi neyedijithali yaseJalimane ibhekane nezinselele ezinkulu. Ngo-2023 nango-2024, umkhiqizo wangempela wemboni wehle ngo-3.2% no-1.8% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana. Amabhizinisi amaningi abhekene nezinkinga ezifana nokuncipha kwama-oda, izindleko ezikhuphukayo, kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza ongasebenzi, kanti amanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi awela ngisho nasezinkingeni zokusebenza. Ukuze kubhekane nale nkinga, uhulumeni waseJalimane wethule izinqubomgomo eziningi ezisekelayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo ze-R&D, ukunciphisa intela yezinkampani, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ukusiza amabhizinisi ezimboni ukuthi abhekane nobunzima futhi abeke isisekelo senqubomgomo yokululama ngo-2026.
Idatha enemininingwane ikhombisaukuthi imboni kagesi neyedijithali yaseJalimane Ibonise izimpawu zokululama ngo-2025, lapho imali engenayo yezimpahla nezinsizakalo ihola phambili ekubeni yinhle. Imali engenayo yonyaka kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-226, ukwanda okungu-2.7% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-220 ngo-2024. Phakathi kwazo, imali engenayo yemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zedijithali ikhule kakhulu, ngokukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-5.3%, okuba yimbangela eyinhloko yokukhula kwemali engenayo embonini. Isimo sokuqashwa sahlala sizinzile. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2025, inani labasebenzi embonini lalingaphezu kuka-877,000, ukwehla okungu-1.7% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kodwa ukwehla kwakuphansi kakhulu kunokulindelekile kwemakethe okungu-3.5%. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi azinzisa ngempumelelo izikhundla zomsebenzi ngokwenza ngcono isakhiwo sabasebenzi nokwandisa izimakethe ezisafufusa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani eliphelele lama-oda amasha embonini landa ngo-5% ngo-2025, lapho ama-oda avela emkhakheni wezimboni anda ngo-7.2%, ikakhulukazi ama-oda ezigabeni ezifana ne-elekthronikhi yezimoto kanye nokuzisebenzela kwezimboni anda kakhulu, okunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile koku-oda ukuze kutholakale kabusha ngo-2026. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yamabhizinisi embonini iye yathuthuka kancane kancane. Ngo-2025, isilinganiso senzuzo yemboni sifinyelele ku-4.8%, ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-0.6 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2024, futhi ukuzethemba kwezinkampani ekusebenzeni kwaqhubeka nokululama.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, imikhiqizo kagesi yaseJalimane yenze kahle ngekhwalithi yayo enhle kakhulu kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2025, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (kufaka phakathi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kabusha) kukhuphuke ngo-4.6% unyaka nonyaka, kwafinyelela ku-236.2 billion euros, kanti umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ugcine ukukhula okuhle izinyanga ezingu-8 zilandelana. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emakethe eyodwa ye-EU kanye ne-United Kingdom kwaba yinsika eyinhloko, ngokukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-6.8%, okubalelwa ku-62% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okuqeda ngempumelelo ukwehla kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-United States nase-China. Kuthintwe izinguquko endaweni yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi yaseJalimane e-United States nase-China kwehle ngo-2.1% kanye no-1.5% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana ngo-2025. Ngokombono wesakhiwo somkhiqizo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu njengemishini kagesi ephezulu, izinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela zezimboni, kanye nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile zakhula ngokushesha, ngokukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-8.3%, okubonisa amandla obuchwepheshe embonini kagesi neyedijithali yaseJalimane. Njengamanje, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini lingama-78%, amaphuzu angu-4% aphezulu kunonyaka odlule, kodwa kusekhona igebe kusukela ezingeni eliphakathi kwesikhathi eside lama-83%, okusho nokuthi imboni isenamandla amakhulu okukhula. Njengoba ama-oda eqhubeka nokukhula, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kulindeleke ukuthi lithuthuke kakhulu.
UJörg Koch, uSihlalo we-ZVEI, ugcizelele engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bezimboni buyithuba eliyinhloko lokukhula kwemboni kagesi neyedijithali yaseJalimane ukuze kufezwe ukululama okuqhubekayo nokuqinisa ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke, kanye nesiqondiso esiyinhloko sentuthuko yemboni yesikhathi esizayo. Amabhizinisi aseJalimane anenzuzo yokuqala emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI zezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezifana nokuzivumelanisa kwezimboni, ukukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nokubala ngokunemba, ngokuqongelela okukhulu kobuchwepheshe. Amamodeli abo ekhompyutha yezimboni kanye nokwenza ngcono angaqeqeshwa kusetshenziswa idatha yezimboni enembile, kunokuthembela kumamodeli amakhulu olimi alawulwa amabhizinisi ase-US naseShayina. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwe-AI olusekelwe ezimweni zezimboni luqondiswe kakhulu futhi luyasebenza, olungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, lunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi luthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo se-Fraunhofer Institute eJalimane, ngo-2035, iJalimane kulindeleke ukuthi idale ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-144 enani elengeziwe emkhakheni we-AI yezimboni, iqhubekisele phambili inani lomkhiqizo eliphelele lemboni ukuthi likhule ngaphezu kuka-30%, futhi lidale inani elikhulu lemisebenzi esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlangano icela i-EU ukuthi ibuyekeze “uMthetho we-AI” futhi ikhiphe izicelo ze-AI zezimboni emithethweni eqinile ukuze kuncishiswe imikhawulo ekusungulweni kwezimboni, kugwenywe imithethonqubo eyeqile evimbela i-R&D yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwemakethe yamabhizinisi, futhi kusize imboni ye-AI yezimboni yaseJalimane ukuthi igcine isikhundla sayo sokuhola emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-18-2026
