I. Izincazelo Eziyinhloko kanye nezici Zobuchwepheshe
1. I-TV SKD (Okuncane – Okushaywe Phansi)
Kubhekisela kwimodi yokuhlanganisa lapho amamojula e-TV ayinhloko (njengama-motherboard, izikrini zokubonisa, namabhodi kagesi) ehlanganiswa khona ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezijwayelekile. Isibonelo, umugqa wokukhiqiza we-SKD we-Guangzhou Jindi Electronics ungashintshwa ube ngama-TV e-LCD angu-40 - 65 intshi emikhiqizo evamile njenge-Hisense ne-TCL, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kungaqedwa ngokufaka esikhundleni i-motherboard nokulungisa isofthiwe. Izici zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:
Umklamo Ohlanganisiwe: Usebenzisa isakhiwo sesithathu "sebhodi lomama + isikrini sokubonisa + indlu", esihambisana namamodeli omkhiqizo angaphezu kuka-85%.
Ukusetshenziswa Kabusha Komsebenzi Oyisisekelo: Igcina uhlelo lokuqala lokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nolwe-backlight, ithatha indawo yemojuli yokulawula eyinhloko kuphela, okunciphisa izindleko ngaphezu kuka-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha komshini ogcwele.
Ukuzivumelanisa Okusheshayo: Ukuxhuma – nokudlala – kutholakala ngokusebenzisa amaphrothokholi esibonakalayo esihlanganisiwe (isb., i-HDMI 2.1, i-USB – C), okunciphisa isikhathi sokufaka sibe phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30.
2. I-TV CKD (I-Knocked Down Ephelele)
Kubhekisela kwimodi lapho i-TV ihlukaniswa khona ngokuphelele ibe izingxenye ezisele (njengebhodi elingenalutho le-PCB, ama-capacitor, ama-resistor, kanye nezingxenye ezibunjiwe ze-housing injection), futhi ukukhiqizwa kwenqubo ephelele kuqedwa endaweni. Isibonelo, umugqa wokukhiqiza we-CKD we-Foshan Zhengjie Electric uhlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nokubumba injection, ukufutha, kanye nokubekwa kwe-SMT, ngomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamasethi ayizigidi ezi-3 zezingxenye ezisele. Izici zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:
Indawo Egcwele Yeketanga: Kusukela ekunyathelweni kwepuleti lensimbi (yezindawo zokufaka) kuya ekushiseni kwe-PCB (kwamabhodi ebhodi), zonke izinqubo ziqedwa endaweni, kanti uchungechunge lokuphakelwa lwendawo lufinyelela ku-70%.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe Okujulile: Kudingeka ulwazi lwezinqubo eziyinhloko ezifana nokupakishwa kwemojula ye-backlight kanye nomklamo we-EMC (Ukuhambisana Kwe-Electromagnetic). Isibonelo, ikhambi likaJunhengtai le-4K high – color – gamut lidinga ukuhlanganisa amafilimu e-quantum dot kanye nama-driver chips.
Ukuzwela Kwenqubomgomo: Ukuthobela imithetho yemakethe eqondiwe kuyadingeka. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU kudinga isitifiketi se-CE (i-LVD Low Voltage Directive + i-EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive), kanti imakethe yase-US idinga isitifiketi se-FCC - ID (semisebenzi engenantambo).
II. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezimo Zokufinyelela Embonini
III. Izimo Nezimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemboni
1. Izimo Ezijwayelekile ze-SKD
Imakethe Yokulungisa: Idatha evela epulatifomu ye-e-commerce ikhombisa ukuthi inani lokuthengisa lanyanga zonke lamabhodi e-mama ajwayelekile lidlula amayunithi angu-500, kanye nempendulo yabasebenzisi efana "nokufakwa okulula" kanye "nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuphawulekayo".
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimakethe Ezisafufusa: Amazwe ase-Afrika asebenzisa imodi ye-SKD ukuthuthukisa ama-TV e-CRT aneminyaka emihlanu ubudala abe ama-TV e-LCD ahlakaniphile, okubiza i-1/3 kuphela yama-TV amasha.
Ukuvalwa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo: Imikhiqizo ivuselela ama-TV athengiswayo ngemodi ye-SKD. Isibonelo, umenzi uthuthukise ama-TV akhe athengiswayo ka-2019 abe amamodeli ka-2023, okwandisa inzuzo ngo-15%.
2. Izimo Ezivamile Ze-CKD
Ukugwema Intela: I-USMCA yaseMexico (Isivumelwano sase-United States-Mexico-Canada) idinga ukuthi intela yezingxenye ze-TV ezisele ibe ngu-≤ 5%, kuyilapho intela ye-TV ephelele ifinyelela ku-20%, okwenza amabhizinisi aseShayina asungule izimboni ze-CKD eMexico.
Ukuthunyelwa Kwezobuchwepheshe:Junhengtaiithumele ikhambi le-4K TV CKD e-Uzbekistan, okuhlanganisa ukuklama imigqa yokukhiqiza, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nokwakhiwa kweketanga lokuhlinzeka, okwenza kwanda ubuchwepheshe phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yendawo: “Uhlelo Lokukhiqiza Olunezigaba” lwaseNdiya ludinga ukuthi isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwe-CKD sande unyaka nonyaka, sifinyelele ku-60% ngo-2025, okuphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi asungule izintambo zokuphakelwa kwesibili eNdiya.
IV. Izitayela Zobuchwepheshe Namathiphu Ezingozi
1. Iziqondiso Zokuthuthuka Kobuchwepheshe
Ukungena kwe-Mini LED kanye ne-OLED: I-TCL's C6K QD-Mini LED TV isebenzisa ukufiphala kwe-512-zone, okudinga izimboni ze-CKD ukuthi zibe yingcweti kubuchwepheshe be-quantum dot film lamination; isici esizikhanyisayo samaphaneli e-OLED senza imodyuli yokukhanya kwangemuva ibe lula kodwa ibeka izidingo eziphakeme ezinqubweni zokupakisha.
Ukuthandwa Kwemigqa Yokukhiqiza Yesizukulwane Sesi-8.6: Amabhizinisi afana ne-BOE kanye ne-Visionox andise imigqa yokukhiqiza yesizukulwane Sesi-8.6 ye-OLED, ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngo-106% kunokwemigqa yesizukulwane Sesi-6, okuphoqa amafektri e-CKD ukuthi athuthukise imishini.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlakaniphile: Amabhodi omama e-SKD adinga ukuhlanganisa ama-chip ezwi e-AI (isb., ukuqashelwa kwezwi okukude), kanti i-CKD idinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-multi-modal (ukuthinta + ukulawula ukuthinta).
2. Izingozi kanye Nezinyathelo Zokulwa Nazo
Izithiyo Zempahla Yobuhlakani: Izimali zokugunyazwa kwe-HDMI Association zibiza u-3% wezindleko zamabhodi e-SKD; amabhizinisi adinga ukunciphisa izingozi ngokunikeza amalayisense ahlukene.
Ukuguquguquka Kwe-Supply Chain: Amanani esikrini sokubonisa athintwa amandla okukhiqiza amaphaneli efektri (isb., ukwehla kwe-Samsung ekukhiqizweni kwe-OLED); izimboni ze-CKD zidinga ukusungula indlela yokuthenga enemithombo emibili.
Izinguquko Zenqubomgomo: Umthetho Omusha Webhethri we-EU udinga ukulandelelwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa; izimboni ze-CKD zidinga ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokulandelela izinto olusekelwe ku-blockchain.
V. Amacala Ajwayelekile Ebhizinisi
1. Ummeleli we-SKD: I-Guangzhou Jindi Electronics
Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Amabhodi omakhalekhukhwini eprosesa angu-4-core 1.8GHz athuthukiswe ngokuzimela, asekela ukuqoshwa kwekhodi kwe-4K 60Hz futhi ahambisana nohlelo lwe-Android 11.
Isu Lemakethe: Ukuthengiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-“motherboards + software”, okunenzuzo enkulu engu-40%, okuphakeme kunesilinganiso semboni esingu-25%.
2. Ummeleli we-CKD:Sichuan Junhengtai
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusungula Izinto Ezintsha: Sibambisene neZhejiang University ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa i-perovskite obusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngombala we-NTSC ongu-97.3%, ophakeme ngo-4.3% kunezixazululo zendabuko.
Imodeli Yebhizinisi: Inikeze izinsizakalo "zokuqasha imishini + ukugunyazwa kobuchwepheshe" kumakhasimende ase-Afrika, ngemali yesevisi yonyaka engu-USD 2 million ngomugqa ngamunye wokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-08-2025
