I. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi n'ibiranga tekiniki
1. TV SKD (Ifite igice cya kabiri - Irakubiswe)
Bivuga uburyo bwo guteranya aho modules za televiziyo z’ibanze (nk’ama-motherboard, ecran zo kwerekana, n’ama-power board) ziteranywa hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe. Urugero, umurongo wa SKD wa Guangzhou Jindi Electronics ushobora guhindurwa kuri televiziyo za LCD za santimetero 40 – 65 z’ibicuruzwa bizwi nka Hisense na TCL, kandi kuvugurura bishobora kurangizwa no gusimbuza motherboard no guhindura porogaramu. Ibintu by’ingenzi bigize iyi porogaramu birimo:
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Modular: Gikoresha imiterere ya ternary ya "motherboard + ecran + housing", ijyanye n'ibirenga 85% by'ubwoko bw'ikirango.
Imikorere y'ibanze yo kongera gukoresha: Igumana uburyo bwa mbere bwo gutanga amashanyarazi n'amatara yo inyuma, igasimbura gusa module yo kugenzura ibanze, ibi bigabanya ikiguzi ku kigero kirenga 60% ugereranije no gusimbuza imashini yose.
Guhindura byihuse: Gushyiramo porogaramu mu buryo bwa "plug-and-play" bikorwa binyuze muri porogaramu za "united interface protocols" (urugero: HDMI 2.1, USB - C), bigatuma igihe cyo kuyishyiramo kigabanuka kugeza mu minota 30.
2. CKD ya TV (Yakubiswe burundu)
Bivuga uburyo televiziyo ivangwamo burundu ibice bisimbura ibindi (nk'amabati ya PCB, capacitors, resistor, n'ibice bisimburana by'imashini), kandi umusaruro wose urangirira mu gace uherereyemo. Urugero, umurongo wa CKD wa Foshan Zhengjie Electric ukoreramo ibikorwa nko gusya inshinge, gutera, no gushyiramo SMT, hamwe n'umusaruro wa buri mwaka w'ibice bisimbura miliyoni 3. Ibiranga by'ingenzi byayo birimo:
Gushyira imiyoboro mu mwanya wayo byuzuye: Kuva ku gusiga imashini mu cyuma (ku byuma bicukurwamo) kugeza ku gusudira PCB (ku byuma bicukurwamo imashini), ibikorwa byose birangirira mu gace, aho imiyoboro y'ibikoresho igera kuri 70%.
Guhuza Tekiniki mu buryo bwimbitse: Hakenewe ubuhanga mu mikorere y'ingenzi nko gupakira module z'urumuri rw'inyuma n'igishushanyo cya EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility). Urugero, igisubizo cya Junhengtai cya 4K high - color - gamut gikeneye guhuza filime za quantum dot na chips za driver.
Kwita ku ngingo za politiki: Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’isoko ry’intego ni ngombwa. Urugero, kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi bisaba icyemezo cya CE (LVD Low Voltage Directive + EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive), naho isoko rya Amerika rigasaba icyemezo cya FCC - ID (ku mirimo idafite umugozi).
II. Kugereranya imiterere y'uburyo bwo kwinjira mu ruganda
III. Imiterere n'Ingero z'Ikoreshwa ry'Inganda
1. Ibintu bisanzwe kuri SKD
Isoko ryo Kubungabunga: Amakuru aturuka kuri platform y’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti agaragaza ko umubare w’abagurisha buri kwezi ba motherboards zisanzwe urenga units 500, hamwe n’ibitekerezo by’abakoresha nko “gushyiramo byoroshye” no “guteza imbere imikorere cyane”.
Ivugurura mu masoko ari gutera imbere: Ibihugu bya Afurika bikoresha uburyo bwa SKD mu kuvugurura televiziyo za CRT z'imyaka 5 zikoresha televiziyo za LCD zigezweho, zitwara 1/3 cya televiziyo nshya gusa.
Guseswa kw'ibicuruzwa: Ibigo bivugurura televiziyo z'ibicuruzwa binyuze mu buryo bwa SKD. Urugero, uruganda rwazamuye televiziyo zarwo zo mu 2019 zari zisigaye kugeza kuri 2023, byongereye inyungu ku kigero cya 15%.
2. Ibintu bisanzwe bya CKD
Kwirinda imisoro: USMCA ya Megizike (Amasezerano ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Megizike na Kanada) isaba ko imisoro ku bikoresho bya televiziyo bisimbura ibindi igera kuri ≤ 5%, mu gihe imisoro ku bikoresho bya televiziyo byuzuye igera kuri 20%, bituma ibigo by’Abashinwa bishinga inganda za CKD muri Megizike.
Kohereza mu mahanga ikoranabuhanga:Junhengtaiyohereje muri Uzubekisitani igisubizo cya 4K TV CKD, harimo gushushanya umurongo w’ibikorwa, amahugurwa y’abakozi, n’ubwubatsi bw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, bituma ikoranabuhanga rikwirakwira mu mahanga.
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko y’ibanze: “Gahunda yo gukora mu byiciro” mu Buhinde isaba ko igipimo cya CKD giteranywa kizamuka buri mwaka, kikagera kuri 60% mu 2025, bigatuma ibigo bishyiraho urusobe rw’ibikoresho mu Buhinde.
IV. Imiterere ya tekiniki n'inama ku byago
1. Ibyerekezo by'Iterambere rya Tekiniki
Kwinjira kwa Mini LED na OLED: Televiziyo ya TCL ya C6K QD-Mini LED ikoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya urumuri bwa 512-zone, isaba inganda za CKD kumenya ikoranabuhanga rya quantum dot film lamination; uburyo bwo kwimurikira bwa paneli za OLED bworoshya module y'urumuri rw'inyuma ariko bugashyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku buryo bwo gupakira.
Gukwirakwiza imirongo ikora ibikoresho byo mu gisekuru cya 8.6: Ibigo nka BOE na Visionox byaguye imirongo ikora ibikoresho byo mu gisekuru cya 8.6 bya OLED, aho byagabanyije imikorere ku kigero cya 106% ugereranyije n’imirongo ikora ibikoresho byo mu gisekuru cya 6, bituma inganda za CKD zivugurura ibikoresho.
Guhuza mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Motherboard za SKD zigomba guhuza utumashini tw'ijwi twa AI (urugero, kumenya ijwi rya kure), naho CKD isaba guteza imbere sisitemu nyinshi zo gukorana (ibimenyetso by'inyuguti + kugenzura gukoraho).
2. Ingaruka n'Ingamba zo Kuzirwanya
Imbogamizi ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge: Amafaranga yo kwemerera HDMI Association agize 3% by'ikiguzi cya motherboard za SKD; ibigo bigomba kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu gutanga uburenganzira bwo gukoresha patenti.
Guhindagurika kw'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa: Ibiciro bya ecran bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki (urugero, kugabanuka kwa Samsung mu musaruro wa OLED); inganda za CKD zigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugura ibikoresho bivamo ibintu bibiri.
Impinduka muri Politiki: Itegeko rishya ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi rigena uburyo bwo gukurikirana imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi; inganda za CKD zigomba gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibikoresho bushingiye kuri blockchain.
V. Imanza zisanzwe z'ibigo
1. Uhagarariye SKD: Guangzhou Jindi Electronics
Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Bateri za motherboard za poroseseri 4 za 1.8GHz zakozwe ku giti cyazo, zishyigikira 4K 60Hz decoding kandi zijyanye na sisitemu ya Android 11.
Ingamba z'Isoko: Kugurisha hamwe "ama-motherboard + porogaramu", hamwe n'inyungu rusange ya 40%, iri hejuru y'impuzandengo y'inganda ya 25%.
2. Uhagarariye CKD:Sichuan Junhengtai
Guteza imbere udushya: Twakoranye na Kaminuza ya Zhejiang mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya perovskite backlight, rifite ibara rya NTSC rya 97.3%, riri hejuru ya 4.3% ugereranyije n'ibisubizo bisanzwe.
Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi: Hatanzwe serivisi zo "gukodesha ibikoresho + gutanga uburenganzira ku ikoranabuhanga" ku bakiriya b'Abanyafurika, hamwe n'amafaranga ya serivisi ya miliyoni 2 z'amadolari ya Amerika buri murongo w'ibikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2025
