I. Ma'anoni Masu Muhimmanci da Siffofin Fasaha
1. TV SKD (Semi-Knocked Down)
Yana nufin yanayin haɗawa inda ake haɗa manyan na'urorin talabijin (kamar motherboards, allon nuni, da allon wutar lantarki) ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun. Misali, ana iya daidaita layin samar da SKD na Guangzhou Jindi Electronics zuwa talabijin LCD mai inci 40 - 65 na manyan samfuran kamar Hisense da TCL, kuma ana iya kammala haɓakawa ta hanyar maye gurbin motherboard da daidaita software ɗin. Babban fasalulluka nasa sun haɗa da:
Tsarin Modular: Ya ɗauki tsarin "motherboard + nunin allo + gida", wanda ya dace da sama da kashi 85% na samfuran alama.
Sake Amfani da Aiki na Asali: Yana riƙe da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na asali da kuma hasken baya, yana maye gurbin ɓangaren sarrafa wutar lantarki na tsakiya kawai, wanda ke rage farashi da fiye da kashi 60% idan aka kwatanta da cikakken maye gurbin na'ura.
Saurin Daidaitawa: Ana samun damar kunna filogi - da - ta hanyar haɗakar hanyoyin sadarwa (misali, HDMI 2.1, USB - C), wanda ke rage lokacin shigarwa zuwa cikin mintuna 30.
2. TV CKD (An Kashe Duk Wani)
Yana nufin yanayin da talabijin ke wargaza gaba ɗaya zuwa sassa na gyara (kamar allon PCB, capacitors, resistor, da allurar gida - sassan da aka ƙera), kuma ana kammala aikin gaba ɗaya a cikin gida. Misali, layin samar da CKD na Foshan Zhengjie Electric yana rufe hanyoyin kamar ƙera allura, feshi, da sanya SMT, tare da fitarwa na seti miliyan 3 na kayan gyara kowace shekara. Babban fasalulluka sun haɗa da:
Cikakken Wurin Sarka: Daga tambarin farantin ƙarfe (don gidaje) zuwa walda ta PCB (don uwa), duk hanyoyin ana kammala su a cikin gida, tare da sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta gida tana lissafin har zuwa 70%.
Haɗakar Fasaha Cikin-zurfi: Ana buƙatar ƙwarewa a cikin manyan ayyuka kamar marufi na module na baya da ƙirar EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility). Misali, maganin Junhengtai mai launi mai girma 4K yana buƙatar haɗa fina-finan ɗigon quantum da guntuwar direba.
Sanin Manufofi: Bin ƙa'idodin kasuwa da aka yi niyya ya zama dole. Misali, fitar da kaya zuwa EU yana buƙatar takardar shaidar CE (LVD Low Voltage Directive + EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive), kuma kasuwar Amurka tana buƙatar takardar shaidar FCC – ID (don ayyukan mara waya).
II. Kwatanta Yanayin Samun Ma'aikata
III. Yanayi da Lamura na Amfani da Masana'antu
1. Yanayin da Aka Saba Amfani da shi na SKD
Kasuwar Kulawa: Bayanai daga wani dandamalin kasuwanci ta intanet sun nuna cewa yawan tallace-tallace na wata-wata na motherboards na duniya ya wuce raka'a 500, tare da ra'ayoyin masu amfani kamar "sauƙin shigarwa" da "inganta aiki mai mahimmanci".
Haɓakawa a Kasuwannin da ke Tasowa: Kasashen Afirka suna amfani da yanayin SKD don haɓaka talabijin na CRT masu shekaru 5 zuwa talabijin na LCD masu wayo, tare da farashin kashi 1/3 kawai na sabbin talabijin.
Rage Kayayyaki: Kamfanoni suna gyara talabijin na kaya ta hanyar yanayin SKD. Misali, wani masana'anta ya haɓaka talabijin na samfurin 2019 da ya yi jinkiri zuwa samfuran 2023, wanda hakan ya ƙara ribar riba da kashi 15%.
2. Yanayin da aka saba gani na CKD
Gujewa Takardar Haraji: Dokar USMCA ta Mexico (Yarjejeniyar Amurka da Mexico-Kanada) ta bukaci harajin kayayyakin gyara na TV ya zama ≤ 5%, yayin da harajin da ake biya kan cikakkun talabijin ya kai 20%, wanda hakan ya sa kamfanonin China suka kafa masana'antun CKD a Mexico.
Fitar da Fasaha:Junhengtaisun fitar da mafita ta 4K TV CKD zuwa Uzbekistan, gami da ƙirar layin samarwa, horar da ma'aikata, da gina sarkar samar da kayayyaki, tare da tabbatar da faɗaɗa fasahar a ƙasashen waje.
Bin Ka'idojin Gida: "Shirin Masana'antu na Mataki-mataki" na Indiya yana buƙatar rabon haɗa CKD ya ƙaru kowace shekara, ya kai kashi 60% nan da shekarar 2025, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa kamfanoni kafa wasu hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a Indiya.
IV. Yanayin Fasaha da Nasihu kan Haɗari
1. Umarnin Juyin Halittar Fasaha
Shigar Mini LED da OLED: TV ɗin TCL na C6K QD-Mini LED yana ɗaukar dimming na yanki 512, wanda ke buƙatar masana'antun CKD su ƙware a fasahar lamination na fim ɗin quantum dot; fasalin haske mai haske na bangarorin OLED yana sauƙaƙa tsarin hasken baya amma yana sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan tsarin marufi.
Yaɗuwar Layukan Samar da Kayayyaki na ƙarni na 8.6: Kamfanoni kamar BOE da Visionox sun faɗaɗa layukan samar da OLED na ƙarni na 8.6, tare da rage ingancinsu da kashi 106% fiye da layukan samar da kayayyaki na ƙarni na 6, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa masana'antun CKD haɓaka kayan aiki.
Haɗakarwa Mai Hankali: Motherboards na SKD suna buƙatar haɗa na'urorin murya na AI (misali, gane murya mai nisa), kuma CKD yana buƙatar haɓaka tsarin hulɗa mai yawa (modal interaction systems) (modern control + touch control).
2. Haɗari da Matakan Magance Matsaloli
Shingayen Haƙƙin Fasaha: Kuɗin izinin ƙungiyar HDMI sun kai kashi 3% na kuɗin motherboards na SKD; kamfanoni suna buƙatar rage haɗari ta hanyar ba da lasisin haƙƙin mallaka.
Sauyin Tsarin Samar da Kayayyaki: Farashin allon nuni yana shafar ƙarfin samar da panel na masana'anta (misali, raguwar Samsung a samar da OLED); masana'antun CKD suna buƙatar kafa tsarin siyan kayayyaki ta hanyoyi biyu.
Canje-canje a Manufofi: Sabuwar Dokar Batirin Tarayyar Turai tana buƙatar bin diddigin sarkar samar da kayayyaki; masana'antun CKD suna buƙatar aiwatar da tsarin bin diddigin kayan da aka gina bisa blockchain.
V. Lamunin Kasuwanci na yau da kullun
1. Wakilin SKD: Guangzhou Jindi Electronics
Fa'idodin Fasaha: An ƙirƙiri motherboards na processor mai core 4 1.8GHz da kansu, suna tallafawa tsarin tantancewa na 4K 60Hz kuma sun dace da tsarin Android 11.
Dabarun Kasuwa: Tallace-tallacen "motherboards + software", tare da jimlar riba ta kashi 40%, sama da matsakaicin masana'antar na kashi 25%.
2. Wakilin CKD:Sichuan Junhengtai
Nasarar Kirkire-kirkire: Na yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Zhejiang don haɓaka fasahar hasken baya ta perovskite mai ƙarfi, tare da launukan NTSC na 97.3%, sama da 4.3% fiye da mafita na gargajiya.
Tsarin Kasuwanci: Yana ba da ayyukan "hayar kayan aiki + izinin fasaha" ga abokan cinikin Afirka, tare da kuɗin sabis na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 2 a kowace layin samarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-08-2025
