Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane kwa TV SKD (Semi - Knocked Down) ndi CKD (Complete Knocked Down)

I. Matanthauzidwe Aakulu ndi Zinthu Zaukadaulo

1. TV SKD (Semi - Yogwetsedwa)

Limatanthauza njira yosonkhanitsira ma TV pomwe ma module apakati pa TV (monga ma motherboard, ma screen screen, ndi ma power board) amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera pa ma interfaces ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, mzere wopanga wa SKD wa Guangzhou Jindi Electronics ukhoza kusinthidwa kukhala ma TV a LCD a mainchesi 40 - 65 amitundu yayikulu monga Hisense ndi TCL, ndipo kukweza kumatha kumalizidwa mwa kusintha ma motherboard ndikusintha pulogalamuyo. Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Kapangidwe ka Modular: Imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka "motherboard + screen + housing" ka ternary, komwe kamagwirizana ndi mitundu yoposa 85%.

Kugwiritsiranso Ntchito Koyambira: Kumasunga magetsi oyambira ndi makina owunikira kumbuyo, kungosintha gawo lowongolera loyambira, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama ndi zoposa 60% poyerekeza ndi kusintha makina onse.

Kusintha Mwachangu: Kusewera kwa pulagi ndi kusewera kumachitika kudzera mu ma protocol ogwirizana (monga HDMI 2.1, USB - C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yoyika ikhale mkati mwa mphindi 30.

2. TV CKD (Yophwanyidwa Yonse)

Zimatanthauza momwe TV imasokonezedwera kwathunthu kukhala zida zosinthira (monga ma PCB bare board, ma capacitor, ma resistors, ndi ma housing injection - zida zomangidwira), ndipo kupanga kwathunthu kumachitika m'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, mzere wopanga wa CKD wa Foshan Zhengjie Electric umaphimba njira monga kupanga jekeseni, kupopera, ndi kuyika kwa SMT, ndi kutulutsa kwa pachaka kwa zida zosinthira zokwana 3 miliyoni. Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Kukhazikika kwa Unyolo Wathunthu: Kuyambira kuponda mbale zachitsulo (za ma housings) mpaka kuwotcherera kwa PCB (za ma motherboards), njira zonse zimamalizidwa m'deralo, ndipo unyolo wogulira zinthu m'deralo umafika pa 70%.

Kuphatikizika Kwaukadaulo Kwakuya: Kudziwa bwino njira zazikulu monga kulongedza ma module a backlight ndi kapangidwe ka EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, yankho la Junhengtai la 4K high – color – gamut liyenera kuphatikiza mafilimu a quantum dot ndi ma driver chips.

Kusamala kwa Ndondomeko: Kutsatira malamulo a msika womwe mukufuna ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kutumiza kunja ku EU kumafuna satifiketi ya CE (LVD Low Voltage Directive + EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive), ndipo msika waku US umafuna satifiketi ya FCC - ID (ya ntchito zopanda zingwe).

II. Kuyerekeza kwa Mikhalidwe Yofikira Mafakitale

III. Zochitika ndi Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Makampani

1. Zochitika Zachizolowezi za SKD

Msika Wokonza Zinthu: Deta yochokera pa nsanja ya e-commerce ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa malonda pamwezi a mamaboard a universal motherboards kumapitirira mayunitsi 500, ndi ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito monga "kukhazikitsa kosavuta" ndi "kusintha kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito".

Kusintha kwa Ma TV mu Misika Yatsopano: Mayiko aku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya SKD kuti akweze ma TV a CRT azaka 5 kukhala ma TV anzeru a LCD, ndipo amangogula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ma TV atsopano.

Kuthetsa Zinthu Zogulitsidwa: Makampani amakonzanso ma TV a zinthu zomwe zilipo kudzera mu SKD mode. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga wina wasintha ma TV ake a 2019 omwe anali ndi zinthu zakale kupita ku 2023, zomwe zawonjezera phindu ndi 15%.

2. Zochitika Zachizolowezi za CKD

Kupewa Misonkho: USMCA ya ku Mexico (Chigwirizano cha United States-Mexico-Canada) imafuna kuti mitengo ya zida zosinthira za TV ikhale ≤ 5%, pomwe mitengo ya ma TV athunthu ifike 20%, zomwe zinapangitsa makampani aku China kukhazikitsa mafakitale a CKD ku Mexico.

Kutumiza Zinthu Zaukadaulo:Junhengtaiidatumiza njira ya 4K TV CKD ku Uzbekistan, kuphatikizapo kupanga mizere yopangira, kuphunzitsa antchito, ndi kumanga unyolo wogulitsa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ukadaulo upitirire kufalikira kunja.

Kutsatira Malamulo a M'deralo: "Pulogalamu Yopanga Zinthu Pang'onopang'ono" ya ku India ikufuna kuti chiŵerengero cha CKD assembly chiwonjezeke chaka ndi chaka, kufika pa 60% pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zimakakamiza mabizinesi kukhazikitsa njira zina zoperekera zinthu ku India.

IV. Zochitika Zaukadaulo ndi Malangizo Okhudza Kuopsa

1. Malangizo a Kusintha kwa Zaukadaulo

Kulowa kwa Mini LED ndi OLED: TV ya TCL ya C6K QD-Mini LED imagwiritsa ntchito kufinya kwa 512-zone, zomwe zimafuna kuti mafakitale a CKD adziwe ukadaulo wa quantum dot film lamination; mawonekedwe odziwunikira a ma OLED panels amafewetsa gawo la backlight koma amaika zofunikira kwambiri pa njira zopakira.

Kufalikira kwa Mizere Yopangira ya M'badwo wa 8.6: Makampani monga BOE ndi Visionox akulitsa mizere yopangira ya OLED ya m'badwo wa 8.6, ndipo mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu ndi 106% kuposa mizere ya m'badwo wa 6, zomwe zapangitsa mafakitale a CKD kukweza zida.

Kuphatikiza Mwanzeru: Ma board a SKD ayenera kuphatikiza ma chip a mawu a AI (monga kuzindikira mawu akutali), ndipo CKD imafuna kupanga machitidwe olumikizirana amitundu yambiri (maginito + kukhudza).

2. Zoopsa ndi Njira Zothanirana Nazo

Zopinga za Katundu Wanzeru: Ndalama zovomerezeka za HDMI Association zimayimira 3% ya mtengo wa ma motherboard a SKD; mabizinesi akuyenera kuchepetsa zoopsa kudzera mu kupereka zilolezo zosiyanasiyana za ma patent.

Kusakhazikika kwa Unyolo Wogulira: Mitengo ya zowonetsera imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yopangira mafakitale (monga Samsung, kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa OLED); mafakitale a CKD ayenera kukhazikitsa njira yogulira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri.

Kusintha kwa Ndondomeko: Lamulo Latsopano la Mabatire la EU limafuna kuti unyolo wogulira zinthu utsatidwe; mafakitale a CKD ayenera kukhazikitsa njira yotsatirira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain.

V. Milandu Yachizolowezi Yamakampani

1. Woyimira SKD: Guangzhou Jindi Electronics

Ubwino Waukadaulo: Ma board a ma processor a 4-core 1.8GHz adapangidwa paokha, othandizira 4K 60Hz decoding komanso ogwirizana ndi dongosolo la Android 11.

Ndondomeko ya Msika: Kugulitsa pamodzi kwa "ma motherboards + mapulogalamu", ndi phindu lalikulu la 40%, lokwera kuposa avareji ya makampani ya 25%.

2. Woyimira CKD:Sichuan Junhengtai

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zatsopano: Tinagwirizana ndi Zhejiang University kuti tipange ukadaulo wa magetsi a perovskite omwe ndi olimba kwambiri, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya NTSC ya 97.3%, yokwera ndi 4.3% kuposa njira zachikhalidwe.

Chitsanzo cha Bizinesi: Yapereka ntchito za "kubwereketsa zida + chilolezo chaukadaulo" kwa makasitomala aku Africa, ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito pachaka za USD 2 miliyoni pa mzere uliwonse wopanga.