I. Incazelo
I-FOB ingelinye lamagama okuhweba asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Imele "Free On Board." Uma isikhathi se-FOB sisetshenziswa, umdayisi unesibopho sokulayisha izimpahla emkhunjini oqokiwe womthengi endaweni ebekiwe yokuthunyelwa ngesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso futhi kufanele azise umthengi ngokushesha. Ingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokulimala ekudlulisweni kwezimpahla zisuka kumthengisi ziye kumthengi uma izimpahla sezisemkhunjini.
II. Izibopho Zomthengisi
Ukulungiswa Nokulayishwa Kwezimpahla
Umthengisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zilayishwa emkhunjini oqokiwe womthengi echwebeni elishiwo ngokwenkontileka futhi phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Isibonelo, uma inkampani ekhiqiza izingubo zaseShayina ithengisa izingubo ngaphansi kwemibandela Yembobo ye-FOB Shanghai, idinga ukunikezela izimpahla kumthumeli wezimpahla ohlela ukulayishwa. Umdayisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi inani kanye nekhwalithi yezimpahla ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zenkontileka nokuthi izimpahla zipakishwe kahle ukuze zithuthwe olwandle.
Umdayisi uthwala zonke izindleko ezihambisana nezimpahla kuze kufike lapho zilayishwa khona. Lokhu kubandakanya izindleko zokuhamba eziya phakathi nezwe ukuya ethekwini kanye nezindleko zokuphatha echwebeni zokulayisha impahla emkhunjini. Isibonelo, inkampani yezimpahla zokugqoka kufanele ikhokhele imali yokuhamba esuka esitolo sefekthri ukuya Echwebeni lase-Shanghai kanye nezindleko zokuphatha ichweba zokulayisha izingubo emkhunjini.
Khipha Impahla Yezimvume
Umdayisi unesibopho sokuphatha zonke izinkambiso zokuthekelisa ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa nokuthola amalayisense okuthekelisa kanye nokugcwalisa izimemezelo zokuthekelisa. Isibonelo, endabeni yokuthekelisa imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, umthengisi kufanele amemezele ngokunembile igama lomkhiqizo, imininingwane, intengo, nolunye ulwazi kuziphathimandla zentela, akhokhe noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuthekelisa esebenzayo, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zingathunyelwa ngaphandle kokushelela.
Isaziso kumthengi
Ngemva kokuba izimpahla sezilayishiwe emkhunjini, umthengisi kufanele athumele isaziso esanele kumthengi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ingozi idluliselwa kumthengi uma izimpahla sezidlulile ujantshi womkhumbi. Uma umdayisi ehluleka ukwazisa umthengi ngesikhathi futhi okuthile kwenzeka ezimpahleni ngesikhathi sokuthutha, izingxabano ngesikweletu zingase ziphakame. Isaziso kufanele sifake imininingwane efana nesikhathi sokulayisha, igama lomkhumbi, kanye nolwazi oluqondile mayelana nempahla.
III. Izibopho Zomthengi
Ukushaja kanye Nomshuwalense
Umthengi unesibopho sokuqasha umkhumbi noma indawo yokubhuka emkhunjini futhi kufanele azise umdayisi igama lomkhumbi, ichweba lokulayisha, kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokulethwa ngesikhathi. Isibonelo, uma umthengi waseMelika ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe ethenga izingxenye zemishini ezivela e-China ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB, ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele ahlelele inkampani yemikhumbi futhi azise umdayisi waseShayina ngegama elithile lomkhumbi nesikhathi sokulayisha.
Umthengi kufanele futhi athenge umshwalense wezokuthutha. Njengoba ubungozi budluliselwa kumthengi ngemva kokulayishwa kwezimpahla, umthengi udinga ukukhetha inqubomgomo yomshwalense efanelekile esekelwe enanini lezimpahla kanye nezingozi zokuthutha ezihilelekile, njengokuthi Imahhala Kusuka Kuyisilinganiso Esithile (FPA), With Average (WA), noma Zonke Izingozi. Isibonelo, ngenani eliphezulu - futhi kalula - amathuluzi anembayo alimale, umthengi angase akhethe umshwalense wazo Zonke Izingozi ukuze athole ukufakwa okubanzi.
Ukwamukelwa Kwemibhalo kanye Nenkokhelo
Umthengi kudingeka ukuthi amukele amadokhumenti afanelekile ahlinzekwa umthengisi, njenge-invoyisi yezohwebo, uhlu lokupakisha, kanye ne-bill of lading. Lawa madokhumende abalulekile ukuze umthengi akwazi ukuphatha imvume yempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhokhela inkokhelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthengi kufanele enze inkokhelo kumthengisi ngokuvumelana nendlela yokukhokha okuvunyelwene ngayo esivumelwaneni, njengencwadi yesikweletu noma ukudlulisa ucingo ngefoni.
IV. Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi Yesikhathi se-FOB
Izinzuzo
Kumthengisi, ingozi idluliswa kusenesikhathi. Uma izimpahla sezilayishiwe emkhunjini, umthengisi angakhathazeka kancane ngenqubo yokuthutha. Isibonelo, ezimpahleni ezibolayo, umthengisi akudingeki akhathazeke ngokulondolozwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha, njengoba lezi zingozi zithwalwa kakhulu umthengi.
Kumthengi, kunokuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekukhetheni izinto zokuhamba nezomshwalense. Umthengi angakhetha izindleko kakhulu - inkampani yemikhumbi ephumelelayo kanye nenqubomgomo yomshwalense ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezindleko.
Ukubi
Umdayisi unokulawula okuncane ngenqubo yokuthutha. Njengoba umthengi enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqasha umkhumbi, umthengisi angase angakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zithuthwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kakhulu. Isibonelo, inkampani yemikhumbi ekhethwe umthengi ingaba nekhwalithi yesevisi ephansi, okuholela ezikhathini zokuthutha ezinwetshiwe noma izingozi ezikhulayo zokulimala kwempahla.
Umthengi unokulawula okuncane phezu kwezimpahla ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe emkhunjini. Uma kuphakama izinkinga ngezimpahla ngaphambi kokulayisha, njengezinkinga zekhwalithi ezingahlangabezani nezidingo, umthengi angase angakwazi ukuzibona futhi azilungise ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwangempela, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi se-FOB kudinga ukuxoxisana ngokucophelela kwemibandela yenkontileka phakathi komthengi nomthengisi ukuze kucaciswe amalungelo nezibopho zabo kanye nokugwema izingxabano zohwebo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-25-2025
