Intshayelelo kwiXesha loRhwebo lwe-FOB

I. Intsingiselo

I-FOB yenye yezona magama zorhwebo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imela "Ukungena Kwibhodi Yasimahla." Xa kusetyenziswa igama le-FOB, umthengisi unoxanduva lokulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa ekhethiweyo yomthengi kwizibuko elichaziweyo lokuthunyelwa ngaphakathi kwexesha elivunyiweyo kwaye kufuneka azise umthengi ngokukhawuleza. Umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye umonakalo kwiimpahla udluliselwa kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi xa iimpahla zisemkhombeni.

II. Uxanduva lomthengisi

Ukulungiswa nokulayishwa kweempahla

Umthengisi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zilayishwa kwinqanawa emiselweyo yomthengi kwizibuko elichazwe ngokwesivumelwano kwaye ngaphakathi kwexesha elimiselweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani yokuvelisa impahla yaseTshayina ithengisa iimpahla phantsi kwemiqathango yeFOB Shanghai Port, kufuneka inikezele iimpahla kumthumeli wempahla olungiselela ukulayisha. Umthengisi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho weempahla ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zesivumelwano kwaye iimpahla zipakishwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zithuthwe ngolwandle.

Umthengisi ukwathwala zonke iindleko ezinxulumene neempahla ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokulayisha. Oku kuquka iindleko zokuthutha ngaphakathi elizweni ukuya echwebeni kunye neentlawulo zokuphatha iimpahla enqanaweni. Umzekelo, inkampani yempahla kufuneka ihlawule uthutho oluvela kwindawo yayo yokugcina impahla ukuya eShanghai Port kunye neentlawulo zokuphatha iimpahla enqanaweni zokulayisha iimpahla enqanaweni.

Imvume yokuThunyelwa kweeRhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle

Umthengisi unoxanduva lokusingatha zonke iinkqubo zerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, kuquka ukufumana iilayisenisi zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokugqiba izibhengezo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Umzekelo, kwimeko yokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso ze-elektroniki, umthengisi kufuneka abhengeze ngokuchanekileyo igama lemveliso, iinkcukacha, ixabiso, kunye nolunye ulwazi kumagunya angaphandle, ahlawule nayiphi na irhafu efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zingathunyelwa ngaphandle ngokukhululekileyo.

Isaziso kuMthengi

Emva kokuba iimpahla zilayishwe enqanaweni, umthengisi kufuneka athumele isaziso esaneleyo kumthengi. Oku kubalulekile kuba umngcipheko udluliselwa kumthengi xa iimpahla zidlule kwireyile yenqanawa. Ukuba umthengisi akakwazi ukwazisa umthengi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye kwenzeka into ethile kwiimpahla ngexesha lokuthuthwa, iingxabano malunga noxanduva zinokuvela. Isaziso kufuneka siquke iinkcukacha ezifana nexesha lokulayisha, igama lenqanawa, kunye nolwazi oluthile malunga neempahla.

III. Uxanduva lomthengi

Ukuqeshisa kunye ne-inshurensi

Umthengi unoxanduva lokuqesha inqanawa okanye indawo yokubhukisha enqanaweni kwaye kufuneka azise umthengisi ngegama lenqanawa, indawo yokulayisha, kunye nexesha lokuhambisa elifunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umthengisi waseMelika uthenga izixhobo zoomatshini eTshayina phantsi kwemigaqo ye-FOB, umthengisi kufuneka alungiselele inkampani yokuthumela kwaye azise umthengisi waseTshayina ngegama lenqanawa ethile kunye nexesha lokulayisha.

Umthengi kufuneka athenge i-inshurensi yokuthutha. Ekubeni umngcipheko udluliselwa kumthengi emva kokuba iimpahla zilayishiwe, umthengi kufuneka akhethe ipolisi ye-inshurensi efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lempahla kunye neengozi zokuthutha ezibandakanyekayo, ezifana ne-Free from Particular Average (FPA), With Average (WA), okanye All Risks. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo zokuchaneka ezixabisa kakhulu nezinokonakala ngokulula, umthengi unokukhetha i-inshurensi ye-All Risks ukuze afumane ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.

Ukwamkelwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nentlawulo

Umthengi kufuneka amkele amaxwebhu afanelekileyo anikwe ngumthengisi, njenge-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye ne-bill of lading. La maxwebhu abalulekile kumthengi ukuze akwazi ukusingatha ukuxolelwa kwerhafu yokungenisa impahla kunye nentlawulo. Kwangaxeshanye, umthengi kufuneka ahlawule umthengisi ngokwendlela ekuvunyelwene ngayo - emva kokuba ehlawule kwisivumelwano, njengeleta yetyala okanye ukudluliselwa kwe-telegraphic.

IV. Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweXesha le-FOB

Iingenelo

Kumthengisi, umngcipheko udlula kwangethuba. Nje ukuba iimpahla zilayishwe enqanaweni, umthengisi akanakukhathazeka kakhulu ngenkqubo yokuthutha. Umzekelo, kwiimpahla ezibolayo, umthengisi akufuneki akhathazeke ngokugcinwa kwazo ngexesha lokuthuthwa, njengoko ezi ngozi zithwalwa kakhulu ngumthengi.

Kumthengi, kukho ukuguquguquka ngakumbi ekukhetheni iindlela zothutho kunye ne-inshurensi. Umthengi angakhetha inkampani yokuthumela impahla ebiza kakhulu kunye nepolisi ye-inshurensi ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakhe kunye neendleko.

Iingxaki

Umthengisi akanalo ulawulo oluncinci kwinkqubo yokuthutha. Ekubeni umthengi enoxanduva lokuqesha inqanawa, umthengisi usenokungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zithuthwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, inkampani yokuthutha ekhethwe ngumthengi inokuba nomgangatho wenkonzo ophantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwixesha elandisiweyo lokuthuthwa okanye ukwanda kwemingcipheko yokonakala kwempahla.

Umthengi akanalo ulawulo oluncinci kwiimpahla ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe enqanaweni. Ukuba kuvela iingxaki ngeempahla ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe, ezifana nemiba yomgangatho engahlangabezani neemfuno, umthengi usenokungakwazi ukuzibona nokuzilungisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Kwimisebenzi yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukusetyenziswa kwegama le-FOB kufuna ukuba kubekho uthethwano olucokisekileyo lwemigaqo yesivumelwano phakathi komthengi nomthengisi ukuze kucaciswe amalungelo abo kunye neembopheleleko zabo kwaye kuthintelwe iingxabano zorhwebo.