I. Te tikanga
Ko te FOB tētahi o ngā kupu hokohoko e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hokohoko o te ao. Ko tōna tikanga ko "Free On Board". Ina whakamahia te kupu FOB, ko te kawenga a te kaihoko ki te uta i ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke kua tohua e te kaihoko i te tauranga tuku kua tohua i roto i te wā kua whakaaetia, ā, me whakamōhio wawe atu ki te kaihoko. Ko te mōrearea o te ngaronga, o te kino rānei o ngā taonga ka whakawhiti mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko ina eke ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke.
II. Ngā Kawenga a te Kaihoko
Te Whakarite me te Utaina o ngā Taonga
Me whakarite te kaihoko kia utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke kua tohua e te kaihoko i te tauranga kua whakaritea e te kirimana, ā, i roto i te wā kua whakaritea. Hei tauira, mēnā kei te hoko kakahu tetahi kamupene hanga kakahu Hainamana i raro i ngā tikanga FOB Shanghai Port, me tuku e ia ngā taonga ki te kaituku utanga e whakarite ana i te uta. Me whakarite te kaihoko kia tutuki te rahinga me te kounga o ngā taonga i ngā whakaritenga kirimana, ā, kia tika te takai o ngā taonga mō te kawe moana.
Ko te kaihoko anō hoki te kawenga mō ngā utu katoa e pā ana ki ngā taonga tae noa ki te wā e utaina ana. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā utu kawe ki uta ki te tauranga me ngā utu whakahaere tauranga mō te uta i ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke. Hei tauira, me utu e te kamupene kakahu te kawe mai i tana whare putunga wheketere ki te Tauranga o Shanghai me ngā utu whakahaere tauranga mō te uta i ngā kakahu ki runga i te kaipuke.
Te Whakawātea Tikanga Kaweake
Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te whakahaere i ngā whakaritenga katoa o te tikanga kaweake, tae atu ki te tiki raihana kaweake me te whakaoti i ngā whakapuakitanga kaweake. Hei tauira, mō te kaweake i ngā hua hiko, me whakapuaki tika te kaihoko i te ingoa o te hua, ngā whakatakotoranga, te utu, me ētahi atu mōhiohio ki ngā mana whakahaere tikanga, me utu i ngā takoha kaweake e tika ana, me te whakarite kia taea te kaweake i ngā taonga me te maeneene.
Pānui ki te Kaihoko
I muri i te utaina o ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke, me tuku e te kaihoko he pānui e tika ana ki te kaihoko. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea ka whakawhiti te mōrearea ki te kaihoko ina hipa ngā taonga i te reera o te kaipuke. Mēnā ka kore te kaihoko e whakamōhio i te kaihoko i te wā tika, ā, ka pā he mea ki ngā taonga i te wā e kawe ana, ka ara ake pea he tautohe mō te kawenga. Me whakauru ngā taipitopito i roto i te pānui pēnei i te wā i utaina ai, te ingoa o te kaipuke, me ngā mōhiohio motuhake mō ngā taonga.
III. Ngā Kawenga a te Kaihoko
Te Reti me te Inihuarangatia
Ko te kawenga a te kaihoko ko te reti i tētahi kaipuke, te tuhi wāhi rānei i runga i tētahi kaipuke, ā, me whakamōhio atu ki te kaihoko te ingoa o te kaipuke, te tauranga uta, me te wā tuku e hiahiatia ana i roto i te wā tika. Hei tauira, mēnā kei te hoko mai tētahi kaihoko kawemai o Amerika i ngā wāhanga mīhini mai i Haina i raro i ngā tikanga FOB, me whakarite e te kaihoko kawemai he kamupene kaipuke, me whakamōhio atu ki te kaihoko Hainamana mō te ingoa kaipuke me te wā uta.
Me hoko hoki te kaihoko i te inihua kawe waka. Nā te mea ka whakawhitia te mōrearea ki te kaihoko i muri i te utaina o ngā taonga, me whiriwhiri e te kaihoko he kaupapa here inihua e tika ana i runga i te uara o ngā taonga me ngā mōrearea kawe waka, pērā i te Koreutu mai i te Toharite Motuhake (FPA), te Toharite (WA), ngā Mōrearea Katoa rānei. Hei tauira, mō ngā taputapu tika utu nui, ā, he ngāwari te pakaru, ka whiriwhiri pea te kaihoko i te inihua Mōrearea Katoa hei whiwhi i te kapinga whānui ake.
Te Whakaae i ngā Tuhinga me te Utu
Me whakaae te kaihoko ki ngā tuhinga e tika ana i tukuna mai e te kaihoko, pērā i te nama hokohoko, te rārangi tākai, me te pire uta. He mea nui ēnei tuhinga mā te kaihoko hei whakahaere i ngā mahi tuku taake kawemai me te whakatau utu. I taua wā anō, me utu te kaihoko ki te kaihoko i runga anō i te tikanga utu kua whakaaetia i roto i te kirimana, pērā i te reta nama, te whakawhiti waea rānei.
IV. Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te Wā FOB
Ngā Painga
Ki te kaihoko, ka tere te whakawhiti o te mōrearea. Kia utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke, ka iti ake te āwangawanga o te kaihoko mō te tukanga kawe. Hei tauira, mō ngā taonga pirau, kāore te kaihoko e āwangawanga mō te tiaki i te wā e kawe ana, nā te mea ko te kaihoko te nuinga o te kawenga mō ēnei mōrearea.
Mō te kaihoko, he nui ake ngā ngāwari ki te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa kawe me te inihua. Ka taea e te kaihoko te whiriwhiri i te kamupene kaipuke me te kaupapa here inihua e tino whai hua ana i runga i ō rātou ake hiahia me ngā whakaaro utu.
Ngā ngoikoretanga
He iti ake te mana whakahaere a te kaihoko i te tukanga kawe. Nā te mea ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te reti i te kaipuke, kāore pea e taea e te kaihoko te whakarite kia kawehia ngā taonga i raro i ngā tikanga tino pai. Hei tauira, ko te kamupene kaipuke i whiriwhiria e te kaihoko, tera pea he iti te kounga o te ratonga, ka roa ake te wā kawe, ka nui ake rānei te tūponotanga o te kino ki ngā taonga.
He iti ake te mana whakahaere a te kaihoko ki ngā taonga i mua i te utaina ki runga i te kaipuke. Mēnā ka puta he raruraru ki ngā taonga i mua i te utaina, pērā i ngā take kounga kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, kāore pea e taea e te kaihoko te kite me te whakatika i aua raruraru i te wā tika.
I roto i ngā mahi tauhokohoko o te ao, ko te whakamahinga o te kupu FOB me āta whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga o te kirimana i waenganui i te kaihoko me te kaihoko atu hei whakamārama i ō rāua mana me ō rāua herenga, me te karo hoki i ngā tautohe tauhokohoko.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-25-2025
