I-Magnetron

Ukwakheka Kwesakhiwo

Uhlelo lwe-Cathode kanye ne-Anode

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-magnetron yi-cathode kanye ne-anode. I-cathode ngokuvamile iyi-cathode eshisayo, ekhipha ama-electron uma ishiswa. Lawa ma-electron asheshiswa yinsimu kagesi phakathi kwe-cathode kanye ne-anode bese eqala ukuhamba. I-anode iyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezimbobo eziningi ezizwakalayo. Lawa mambobo ayizindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-microwave, futhi ubukhulu bawo kanye nesimo sawo kuthinta imvamisa kanye namandla ama-microwave.

Isibonelo, ku-magnetron evamile ye-microwave oven yasekhaya, izimbobo ze-anode resonant zenzelwe ngqo ukukhiqiza imvamisa ye-microwave engaba ngu-2450 MHz. Lokhu kuvame kubangela ukuthi ama-molecule e-polar njengama-molecule amanzi adlidlize ngemvamisa ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela afudumale ukudla.

Uhlelo Lwensimu Kamagnetic

Insimu yamagnetic iyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-magnetron. Insimu yamagnetic ikhiqizwa omaginethi abaphakade noma omaginethi kagesi. Lapho i-magnetron isebenza, isiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic siqonde ngqo ohlangothini lokukhishwa kwama-electron. Ama-electron ahamba ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu yamagnetic, okwenza kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwama-electron kanye nemigodi ezwakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kushukumise imigodi ukuthi ikhiqize ama-microwave.

Isibonelo, kuma-magnetron anamandla amakhulu ezimbonini, insimu enamandla kazibuthe ingalawula ngokunembile umzila wokunyakaza kwama-electron, iqinisekise ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwama-electron kanye nemigodi ephendulayo. Lokhu kuphumela ekukhiqizweni kwama-microwave anamandla amakhulu ezinqubo zezimboni ezifana nokushisa nokomisa ama-microwave.

Isimiso Sokusebenza

Ukukhishwa kwe-Electron kanye nokunyakaza kokuqala

Uma i-cathode ishiswa kufike ezingeni lokushisa elithile, iqala ukukhipha ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron asheshiswa yinsimu kagesi ephakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode bese eqhubekela phambili kuyi-anode. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwensimu yamagnetic, ama-electron aphendukezelwa amandla e-Lorentz ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwawo.

Ukuze uqonde lokhu kalula, cabanga ukuthi ama-electron angahamba ngendlela eqondile ensimini kagesi. Kodwa-ke, insimu yamagnetic isebenza “njengesiqondiso,” okwenza indlela yama-electron igobe ibe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Ama-microwave

Njengoba ama-electron ehamba phakathi kwemigodi ye-anode resonant, aqhubeka nokusebenzisana nensimu ye-electromagnetic yemigodi. Amandla okunyakaza kwama-electron adluliselwa emigodini, okwenza amandla ensimu ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwemigodi ande njalo, ekugcineni akhe ukunyakaza okuzinzile kwe-microwave.

Izimbobo ezizwakalayo zisebenza “njenge-energy amplifier.” Amandla okunyakaza kwama-electron aqoqana ngaphakathi kwezimbobo. Uma izimo ezithile zihlangatshezwa, kukhiqizwa ama-microwave bese ephuma ekugcineni kokukhipha kwe-magnetron (ngokuvamile ukuxhumana kwe-waveguide). Lawa ma-microwave abe esesetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza.

Izinkambu Zohlelo Lokusebenza

Izinto zikagesi zasekhaya – Ama-oven e-microwave

I-magnetron iyisici esibalulekile sama-oven e-microwave. Ikhiqiza ama-microwave angafudumeza ukudla ngokushesha. Ama-microwave akhiqizwa yi-magnetron ku-oven ye-microwave ngokuvamile anemvamisa engu-2450 MHz. Lokhu kuvama kwama-microwave kungabangela ngempumelelo ama-molecule e-polar njengamanzi nama-molecule amafutha ekudleni ukuthi adlidlize ngama-frequency aphezulu. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-molecule kukhiqiza ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kufeze ukushisa okusheshayo.

Isibonelo, ukufudumeza inkomishi yobisi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, futhi ubisi lungafinyelela izinga lokushisa lokuphuza elifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oven e-microwave ngokuvamile afudumeza ukudla ngokulinganayo, enikeza indlela elula nesheshayo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu zansuku zonke zokufudumeza ukudla.

Izicelo Zezimboni

Ukufudumeza Nokomisa Nge-Microwave: Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ama-microwave akhiqizwa yi-magnetron angasetshenziswa ukufudumeza nokomisa izinto ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, embonini yokucubungula izinkuni, ukomisa izinkuni nge-microwave kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokomisa, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi kunciphise ukuguquka nokuqhekeka kwezinkuni ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa. Kokomisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ukufudumeza nge-microwave kungafeza imiphumela yokomisa esheshayo nefanayo, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukuxhumana Nge-Microwave: Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ze-microwave zakuqala, ama-magnetron nawo adlale indima. Angasebenza njengemithombo yesignali ye-microwave, futhi izimpawu ze-microwave zazidluliselwa ekugcineni kokwamukela ngama-waveguides namanye amadivayisi okudlulisa ukuze kufezwe ukuxhumana okude. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor kanye neminye imikhakha, ezinye izinhlobo zemithombo ye-microwave manje sezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nge-microwave.

Izinhlelo zeRadar

Ama-Magnetron angasetshenziswa futhi njengemithombo ye-microwave kwezinye izinhlelo ze-radar ezilula. Angakhiqiza ama-microwave pulse anamandla amakhulu, akhishwa yi-antenna. Lapho la ma-pulse ehlangana nezinto eziqondiwe, ayabuyiselwa emuva. Uhlelo lokwamukela i-radar luthola izimpawu ze-microwave ezibonisiwe ukuze lunqume indawo, isivinini, kanye nolunye ulwazi lwezinto eziqondiwe.

Isibonelo, kwezinye izinhlelo ze-radar yesimo sezulu esincane noma izinhlelo ze-radar zokuqapha ezifushane, ama-magnetron anganikeza amandla anele e-microwave ukuze afeze imisebenzi yokuthola okuqondiwe.