Magnetron

Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe

Kachitidwe ka Cathode ndi Anode

Zigawo zazikulu za magnetron ndi cathode ndi anode. Cathode nthawi zambiri imakhala cathode yotentha, yomwe imatulutsa ma elekitironi ikatenthedwa. Ma elekitironi awa amafulumizitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa cathode ndi anode ndipo amayamba kuyenda. Anode ndi kapangidwe kovuta kamene kali ndi mabowo angapo ozungulira. Mabowo awa ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri popanga mphamvu ya microwave, ndipo kukula ndi mawonekedwe awo zimakhudza kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya ma microwave.

Mwachitsanzo, mu magnetron wamba wa uvuni wa microwave wapakhomo, ma anode resonant cavities amapangidwa bwino kuti apange ma microwave frequency a pafupifupi 2450 MHz. Ma frequency amenewa amachititsa kuti ma molecule a polar monga ma molecule amadzi agwedezeke pama frequency apamwamba, motero amatenthetsa chakudya.

Dongosolo la Maginito

Mphamvu ya maginito ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa magnetron. Mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika kapena maginito amagetsi. Magnetron ikagwira ntchito, njira ya mphamvu ya maginito imakhala yolunjika ku njira yotulutsira ma elekitironi. Ma elekitironi amayenda mozungulira motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma elekitironi ndi ma resonant cavities agwirizane, motero zimasangalatsa ma cavities kuti apange ma microwave.

Mwachitsanzo, mu maginito amphamvu kwambiri a mafakitale, mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito imatha kuwongolera bwino kayendetsedwe ka ma elekitironi, kuonetsetsa kuti ma elekitironi ndi ma resonant cavities akugwirizana bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma microwave amphamvu kwambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kutentha ndi kuumitsa ma microwave.

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Kutuluka kwa Electron ndi Kuyenda Koyamba

Pamene cathode yatenthedwa kufika pa kutentha kwinakwake, imayamba kutulutsa ma elekitironi. Ma elekitironi amenewa amafulumizitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa cathode ndi anode ndipo amapita ku anode. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ma elekitironiwo amachotsedwa ndi mphamvu ya Lorentz panthawi yoyenda kwawo.

Kuti mumvetse izi mosavuta, tangoganizani kuti ma elekitironi angayende molunjika m'munda wamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu ya maginito imagwira ntchito ngati "chitsogozo," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira ya ma elekitironi itembenuke kukhala yozungulira.

Njira Yopangira Ma Microwave

Pamene ma elekitironi akuyenda pakati pa ma anode resonant cavities, nthawi zonse amalumikizana ndi electromagnetic field ya ma cavities. Mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi imasamutsidwira ku ma cavities, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti electromagnetic field energy mkati mwa ma cavities ichuluke mosalekeza, pamapeto pake kupanga microwave oscillation yokhazikika.

Mabowo ozungulira amagwira ntchito ngati "chowonjezera mphamvu." Mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi imasonkhana mkati mwa mabowo. Zinthu zina zikakwaniritsidwa, ma microwave amapangidwa ndi kutuluka kuchokera kumapeto kwa magnetron (nthawi zambiri kulumikizana kwa mafunde). Ma microwave amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Minda Yofunsira

Zipangizo Zapakhomo - Ma uvuni a Microwave

Magnetron ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma uvuni a microwave. Imapanga ma microwave omwe amatha kutentha chakudya mwachangu. Ma microwave opangidwa ndi magnetron mu uvuni wa microwave nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma frequency a 2450 MHz. Ma frequency a ma microwave amenewa amatha kupangitsa kuti mamolekyu a polar monga madzi ndi mamolekyu amafuta mu chakudya agwedezeke pama frequency apamwamba. Kukangana pakati pa mamolekyu kumapanga kutentha, motero kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kutenthe msanga.

Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kapu ya mkaka kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe, ndipo mkaka ukhoza kufika kutentha koyenera kwa madzi. Komanso, ma uvuni a microwave nthawi zambiri amatenthetsa chakudya mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azisangalala ndi zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zotenthetsera chakudya.

Mapulogalamu a Mafakitale

Kutenthetsa ndi Kuumitsa mu Microwave: Mu mafakitale, ma microwave opangidwa ndi ma magnetron angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha ndi kuumitsa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu makampani opanga matabwa, kuumitsa matabwa mu microwave kungachepetse kwambiri nthawi youma, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yopangira, komanso kuchepetsa kusintha ndi kusweka kwa matabwa panthawi yowumitsa. Pa kuumitsa zipangizo zopangira mankhwala, kutentha mu microwave kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zouma mwachangu komanso mofanana, ndikukweza ubwino wa zinthu.

Kulankhulana kwa Maikulowevu: M'makina oyambira olumikizirana a maikulowevu, ma magnetron nawonso ankagwira ntchito. Ankatha kukhala magwero a chizindikiro cha maikulowevu, ndipo zizindikiro za maikulowevu zinkatumizidwa kumadera omwe amalandira kudzera mu ma waveguides ndi zida zina zotumizira kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwakutali. Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa semiconductor ndi madera ena, mitundu ina ya magwero a maikulowevu tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polankhulana ndi maikulowevu.

Machitidwe a Rada

Magnetrons angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati magwero a microwave m'ma radar system ena osavuta. Angathe kupanga ma microwave pulses amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amatulutsidwa ndi ma antenna. Ma pulses awa akakumana ndi zinthu zomwe akufuna, amabwereranso. Dongosolo lolandira radar limazindikira zizindikiro za microwave zomwe zawonetsedwa kuti lidziwe malo, liwiro, ndi zina zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe akufuna.

Mwachitsanzo, m'ma radar ena ang'onoang'ono a nyengo kapena ma radar owunikira afupiafupi, ma magnetron amatha kupereka mphamvu yokwanira ya microwave kuti akwaniritse ntchito zozindikira zomwe akufuna.