IMagnetron

Ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo

Inkqubo yeCathode kunye ne-Anode

Izinto eziphambili zemagnetron yi-cathode kunye ne-anode. I-cathode idla ngokuba yi-hot cathode, ekhupha ii-electron xa zishushu. Ezi electron zikhawuleziswa yintsimi yombane phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode kwaye ziqala ukuhamba. I-anode sisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esinee-resonant cavities ezininzi. Ezi -cavities ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa amandla kwi-microwave, kwaye ubukhulu kunye nokuma kwazo kuchaphazela i-frequency kunye namandla ee-microwave.

Umzekelo, kwi-magnetron ye-oven ye-microwave eqhelekileyo yasekhaya, ii-anode resonant cavities zenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuvelisa i-microwave frequency emalunga ne-2450 MHz. Olu phindaphindo lubangela ukuba iimolekyuli ze-polar ezifana neemolekyuli zamanzi zingcangcazele kwi-frequency ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela zifudumeza ukutya.

Inkqubo yeMagnetic Field

I-magnetic field yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwe-magnetron. I-magnetic field iveliswa ziimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye ii-electromagnets. Xa i-magnetron isebenza, icala le-magnetic field lithe nkqo kwicala lokukhutshwa kwe-electron. Ii-electron zihamba ngentshukumo ejikelezayo phantsi kwempembelelo ye-magnetic field, nto leyo evumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwee-electron kunye ne-resonant cavities, ngaloo ndlela ivuselela ii-cavities ukuba zivelise ii-microwave.

Umzekelo, kwiimagnetrons ezinamandla aphezulu kwimizi-mveliso, intsimi enamandla yemagnethi inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuhamba kwee-electron, iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okusebenzayo phakathi kwee-electron kunye nemingxuma ye-resonant. Oku kuphumela ekudalweni kwee-microwaves ezinamandla aphezulu kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezifana nokufudumeza nokomisa ii-microwave.

Umgaqo Wokusebenza

Ukukhutshwa kwe-Electron kunye neNtshukumo yokuqala

Xa i-cathode ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu obuthile, iqala ukukhupha ii-electron. Ezi electron zikhawuleziswa yintsimi yombane phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode kwaye ziya kwi-anode. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokubakho kwentsimi yemagnethi, ii-electron ziphambukiswa ngamandla eLorentz ngexesha lokuhamba kwazo.

Ukuze uqonde oku ngokulula, khawucinge ukuba ii-elektroni ziya kuhamba kumgca othe tye kwicandelo lombane. Nangona kunjalo, intsimi yemagnethi isebenza “njengesikhokelo,” nto leyo ebangela ukuba indlela yee-elektroni zigobe zibe yintshukumo ejikelezayo.

Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Ama-Microwave

Njengoko ii-electron zihamba phakathi kwe-anode resonant cavities, zihlala zidibana ne-electromagnetic field ye-cavities. Amandla okunyakaza kwee-electron adluliselwa kwi-cavities, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amandla e-electromagnetic field ngaphakathi kwi-cavities ande rhoqo, ekugqibeleni enze i-microwave oscillation ezinzileyo.

Iingxangxasi ezivakalayo zisebenza njenge "energy amplifier." Amandla okunyakaza kwee-electron aqokelelana ngaphakathi kwingxangxasi. Xa iimeko ezithile zifezekisiwe, kwenziwa ii-microwave kwaye ziphume kwisiphelo sesiphumo se-magnetron (ngokuqhelekileyo uqhagamshelo lwe-waveguide). Ezi microwave zisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

IiNdawo zeSicelo

Izixhobo zasekhaya – Ii-oveni ze-microwave

I-magnetron yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yee-oven ze-microwave. Ivelisa ii-microwave ezinokufudumeza ukutya ngokukhawuleza. Ii-microwave eziveliswa yi-magnetron kwi-oven ye-microwave zihlala zine-frequency ye-2450 MHz. Olu phindaphindo lwee-microwave lunokubangela ngempumelelo iimolekyuli ze-polar ezifana namanzi kunye neemolekyuli zamafutha ekutyeni ukuba zingcangcazele kwi-frequency ephezulu. Ukungqubana phakathi kweemolekyuli kuvelisa ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza.

Umzekelo, ukufudumeza ikomityi yobisi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, kwaye ubisi lunokufikelela kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusela. Ngaphezu koko, ii-oven ze-microwave zihlala zifudumeza ukutya ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ebonelela ngendlela elula nekhawulezayo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu zemihla ngemihla zokufudumeza ukutya.

Izicelo zeShishini

Ukufudumeza kunye nokomisa kwi-Microwave: Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ii-microwave eziveliswa ziimagnetrons zingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokomisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokucubungula iinkuni, ukomisa iinkuni kwi-microwave kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokomisa, kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye kunciphise ukuguquka nokuqhekeka kweenkuni ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa. Ukomisa izinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali, ukufudumeza kwi-microwave kunokufezekisa iziphumo zokumisa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanayo, kuphucule umgangatho wemveliso.

Unxibelelwano lweMicrowave: Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lweMicrowave zakuqala, iimagnetrons nazo zazidlala indima. Zazinokusebenza njengemithombo yesignali yeMicrowave, kwaye imiqondiso yeMicrowave yayidluliselwa kwicala elamkelayo ngee-waveguides kunye nezinye izixhobo zokudlulisela ukuze kufezekiswe unxibelelwano olude. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-semiconductor kunye nezinye iinkalo, ezinye iintlobo zemithombo yeMicrowave ngoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lweMicrowave.

Iinkqubo zeRadar

IiMagnetrons zingasetyenziswa njengemithombo ye-microwave kwezinye iinkqubo ze-radar ezilula. Zinokuvelisa ii-microwave pulses ezinamandla aphezulu, ezikhutshwa zii-antenna. Xa ezi pulses zidibana nezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, ziyabuyiselwa umva. Inkqubo yokufumana i-radar ibona imiqondiso ye-microwave ebonisiweyo ukuze imisele indawo, isantya, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo.

Umzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zeradar yemozulu encinci okanye iinkqubo zeradar zokujonga ezimfutshane, iimagnetrons zinokubonelela ngamandla aneleyo e-microwave ukufezekisa imisebenzi yokufumanisa iinjongo.