Magnetron

Tsarin Tsarin

Tsarin Cathode da Anode

Babban sassan magnetron sune cathode da anode. Cathode yawanci cathode ne mai zafi, wanda ke fitar da electrons lokacin da aka dumama shi. Waɗannan electrons suna hanzarta ta hanyar filin lantarki tsakanin cathode da anode kuma suna fara motsawa. Anode tsari ne mai rikitarwa tare da ramuka masu yawa na resonant. Waɗannan ramuka sune mahimman wurare don samar da makamashin microwave, kuma girmansu da sifarsu suna shafar mita da ƙarfin microwaves.

Misali, a cikin magnetron na tanda na microwave na gida, an tsara ramukan sautin anode daidai don samar da mitar microwave na kimanin 2450 MHz. Wannan mitar yana sa ƙwayoyin polar kamar ƙwayoyin ruwa su yi rawar jiki a manyan mitoci, ta haka ne za su dumama abinci.

Tsarin Filin Magnetic

Filin maganadisu muhimmin abu ne ga aikin magnetron na yau da kullun. Ana samar da filin maganadisu ta hanyar maganadisu na dindindin ko electromagnets. Lokacin da magnetron ke aiki, alkiblar filin maganadisu tana daidai da alkiblar fitar da wutar lantarki. Elektrons suna motsawa cikin motsi na juyawa ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganadisu, wanda ke ba da damar hulɗa tsakanin electrons da ramukan resonant, ta haka yana motsa ramuka don samar da microwaves.

Misali, a cikin magnetrons masu ƙarfin masana'antu, ƙarfin filin maganadisu zai iya sarrafa yanayin motsin lantarki daidai, yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar hulɗa tsakanin electrons da ramukan resonant. Wannan yana haifar da samar da microwaves masu ƙarfin gaske don ayyukan masana'antu kamar dumama microwave da bushewa.

Ka'idar Aiki

Fitar da Electron da Motsin Farko

Idan aka dumama cathode zuwa wani zafin jiki, zai fara fitar da electrons. Waɗannan electrons suna hanzarta ta hanyar filin lantarki tsakanin cathode da anode sannan su koma zuwa anode. A lokaci guda, saboda kasancewar filin maganadisu, electrons ɗin suna juyawa ta hanyar ƙarfin Lorentz yayin motsi.

Domin fahimtar wannan a sauƙaƙe, yi tunanin cewa electrons za su yi tafiya a layi madaidaiciya a cikin filin lantarki. Duk da haka, filin maganadisu yana aiki a matsayin "jagora," yana sa hanyar electrons ta lanƙwasa zuwa motsi mai juyawa.

Tsarin Samar da Microwave

Yayin da electrons ke motsawa tsakanin ramukan sautin anode, suna ci gaba da hulɗa da filin lantarki na ramuka. Ana canja kuzarin motsin electrons zuwa ramuka, wanda ke haifar da kuzarin filin lantarki da ke cikin ramukan ya ƙaru akai-akai, daga ƙarshe ya samar da tsayayyen juyawar microwave.

Raƙuman resonant suna aiki kamar "ƙarfafa makamashi." Ƙarfin motsin electrons yana taruwa a cikin ramukan. Idan aka cika wasu sharuɗɗa, ana samar da microwaves kuma ana fitarwa daga ƙarshen fitarwa na magnetron (yawanci haɗin jagoran waveguide). Sannan ana amfani da waɗannan microwaves a aikace-aikace daban-daban.

Filayen Aikace-aikace

Kayan Aikin Gida - Tandunan Microwave

Magnetron muhimmin sashi ne na tanda na microwave. Yana samar da microwaves waɗanda zasu iya dumama abinci cikin sauri. Microwaves ɗin da magnetron ke samarwa a cikin tanda na microwave yawanci suna da mitar 2450 MHz. Wannan mitar microwaves na iya haifar da ƙwayoyin polar kamar su ruwa da kitse a cikin abinci su yi rawar jiki a manyan mitoci. Gogayya tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta yana haifar da zafi, ta haka ne ake samun dumama mai sauri.

Misali, dumama kofi na madara yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan ne kawai, kuma madarar za ta iya kaiwa ga yanayin zafi da ya dace. Bugu da ƙari, tanda na microwave gabaɗaya tana dumama abinci daidai gwargwado, wanda ke ba da hanya mai sauƙi da sauri don biyan buƙatun mutane na yau da kullun don dumama abinci.

Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu

Dumama da Busar da Microwave: A fannin samar da kayayyaki a masana'antu, ana iya amfani da microwaves da magnetrons ke samarwa don dumama da busar da kayayyaki daban-daban. Misali, a masana'antar sarrafa itace, busar da itace a cikin microwave na iya rage lokacin busarwa sosai, inganta ingancin samarwa, da kuma rage lalacewa da fashewar itace yayin busarwa. Don busar da kayan sinadarai, dumama microwave na iya samun tasirin busarwa cikin sauri da daidaito, yana inganta ingancin samfura.

Sadarwar Microwave: A cikin tsarin sadarwa na microwave na farko, magnetrons suma sun taka rawa. Suna iya zama tushen siginar microwave, kuma ana aika siginar microwave zuwa ƙarshen karɓa ta hanyar jagororin wave da sauran na'urorin watsawa don cimma sadarwa mai nisa. Duk da haka, tare da haɓaka fasahar semiconductor da sauran fannoni, sauran nau'ikan hanyoyin microwave yanzu ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sadarwa ta microwave.

Tsarin Radar

Ana iya amfani da Magnetrons a matsayin tushen microwave a wasu tsarin radar masu sauƙi. Suna iya samar da bugun microwave mai ƙarfi, wanda eriya ke fitarwa. Lokacin da waɗannan bugun suka haɗu da abubuwan da aka nufa, ana nuna su a baya. Tsarin karɓar radar yana gano siginar microwave da aka nuna don tantance matsayi, saurin, da sauran bayanai na abubuwan da aka nufa.

Misali, a wasu ƙananan na'urorin radar yanayi ko tsarin radar sa ido na ɗan gajeren lokaci, magnetrons na iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin microwave don cimma ayyukan gano abubuwan da aka nufa.