Magnetron

Kuumbwa kweChimiro

Sisitimu yeCathode neAnode

Zvikamu zvikuru zvemagnetron i cathode ne anode. Cathode inowanzova cathode inopisa, iyo inoburitsa maerekitironi kana yapiswa. Maerekitironi aya anokurumidziswa nesimba remagetsi riri pakati pe cathode ne anode uye otanga kufamba. Anode chimiro chakaoma chine maburi akawanda ane resonant. Maburi aya inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugadzira simba re microwave, uye saizi yawo nechimiro chawo zvinokanganisa frequency nesimba re microwave.

Semuenzaniso, mu magnetron ye microwave oven yemumba, anode resonant cavities yakagadzirwa nemazvo kuti igadzire frequency ye microwave inosvika 2450 MHz. Frequency iyi inoita kuti mamorekuru e polar akadai semamorekuru emvura adengenyeke pamafrequencies akakwira, zvichikonzera kudziyisa chikafu.

Sisitimu yeMagineti yeMunda

Simba remagineti chinhu chakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwemagnetron. Simba remagineti rinogadzirwa nemagineti anogara aripo kana magineti. Kana magnetron ichishanda, divi resimba remagineti rinoenda zvakanangana negwara rekubuda kwemaerekitironi. Maerekitironi anofamba achitenderera pasi pesimba remagineti, izvo zvinoita kuti mubatanidzwa wemaerekitironi nemaburi eresonant ushande zvakanaka, nokudaro zvichifadza maburi kuti agadzire ma microwave.

Semuenzaniso, mumamagnetron ane simba guru remaindasitiri, simba remagineti rakasimba rinogona kudzora kufamba kwemaerekitironi nemazvo, zvichiita kuti pave nekudyidzana kwakanaka pakati pemaerekitironi nemakomba eresonant. Izvi zvinoguma nekugadzirwa kwema microwave ane simba guru emabasa eindasitiri akadai sekudziisa nekuomesa mu microwave.

Nheyo yekushanda

Kubuda kweElectron uye Kufamba Kwekutanga

Kana cathode yapiswa kusvika patembiricha yakati, inotanga kuburitsa maerekitironi. Maerekitironi aya anokurumidziswa nesimba remagetsi riri pakati pecathode neanode uye anofambira kune anode. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekuvapo kwesimba remagineti, maerekitironi anotsauswa nesimba reLorentz panguva yekufamba kwawo.

Kuti unzwisise izvi zviri nyore, fungidzira kuti maerekitironi aizofamba akatwasuka mumunda wemagetsi. Zvisinei, simba remagineti rinoshanda se "gwara," zvichiita kuti nzira yemaerekitironi ikotama iite sekufamba kwemuchadenga.

Maitiro Ekugadzira Microwave

Sezvo maerekitironi achifamba pakati pemaburi ane anode resonant, anoramba achibatana nemagetsi emagetsi ari mumaburi. Simba rekufamba kwemaerekitironi rinoendeswa kumaburi, zvichiita kuti simba remagetsi riri mukati memaburi riwedzere nguva dzose, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti microwave irambe ichitenderera.

Makomba ane resonant anoshanda se "energy amplifier." Simba rekufamba kwemaerekitironi rinoungana mukati memakomba. Kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akasangana, ma microwave anogadzirwa uye anobuda kubva kumagumo emagetsi emagnetron (kazhinji kubatana kwewaveguide). Ma microwave aya anoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Minda Yekushandisa

Midziyo Yepamba - Maovheni eMicrowave

Magnetron chinhu chakakosha mumaovheni ema microwave. Inogadzira ma microwave anogona kupisa chikafu nekukurumidza. Ma microwave anogadzirwa nemagnetron muovheni yema microwave anowanzova ne frequency ye 2450 MHz. Kuwanda uku kwema microwave kunogona kukonzera kuti ma molecule e polar akadai semvura nema molecule emafuta ari muchikafu adengenyeke nema frequency akakwira. Kukakavadzana pakati pema molecule kunounza kupisa, zvichiita kuti kupisa kuwedzere.

Semuenzaniso, kupisa kapu yemukaka kunotora maminetsi mashoma chete, uye mukaka unogona kusvika patembiricha yakakodzera yekunwa. Uyezve, maovheni ema microwave anowanzo pisa chikafu zvakaenzana, zvichipa nzira iri nyore uye inokurumidza yekusangana nezvinodiwa nevanhu zvezuva nezuva zvekupisa chikafu.

Zvikumbiro zveMaindasitiri

Kupisa uye Kuomesa muMicrowave: Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, ma microwave anogadzirwa nemagnetrons anogona kushandiswa kupisa nekuomesa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yekugadzira huni, kuomesa huni mu microwave kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya nguva yekuomesa, kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira, uye kuderedza kuputsika nekutsemuka kwehuni panguva yekuomesa. Pakuomesa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari, kuomesa mu microwave kunogona kuita kuti kuomesa kuome nekukurumidza uye kwakafanana, zvichivandudza mhando yechigadzirwa.

Kutaurirana neMicrowave: Mumasystem ekutanga ekutaurirana nemicrowave, mamagnetron aitambawo basa. Aigona kushanda semasosi echiratidzo chemicrowave, uye masaini emicrowave aitumirwa kumagumo anogamuchira kuburikidza nemawaveguides nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekutumira kuti awane kutaurirana kure. Zvisinei, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yesemiconductor nedzimwe nzvimbo, mamwe marudzi ema microwave ikozvino anonyanya kushandiswa mukutaurirana nemicrowave.

Masisitimu eRadar

Magnetrons anogonawo kushandiswa sema microwave mune mamwe masisitimu eradar ari nyore. Anogona kugadzira ma microwave pulses ane simba guru, ayo anoburitswa nema antenna. Kana ma pulses aya akasangana nezvinhu zvinotarirwa, anodzoserwa kumashure. Sisitimu yekugamuchira radar inoona ma microwave signals anoratidzwa kuti ione nzvimbo, kumhanya, uye rumwe ruzivo rwezvinhu zvinotarirwa.

Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe ma "radar" madiki emamiriro ekunze kana masisitimu e "short-radar surveillance radar", ma "magnetrons" anogona kupa simba rakakwana re microwave kuti awane mabasa ekuona chinangwa.