I-Magnetron

Ukubunjwa Kwesakhiwo

I-Cathode ne-Anode System

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-magnetron yi-cathode ne-anode. I-cathode ngokuvamile iyi-cathode eshisayo, ekhipha ama-electron lapho ishisa. Lawa ma-electron asheshiswa yinkambu kagesi phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode futhi aqale ukunyakaza. I-anode iyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinama-resonant cavities amaningi. Lezi zimbobo ziyizindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza amandla e-microwave, futhi ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwazo kuthinta imvamisa namandla ama-microwave.

Isibonelo, ku-magnetron ye-oven microwave evamile yasendlini, imigodi ye-anode resonant yakhelwe kahle ukuthi ikhiqize imvamisa ye-microwave engaba ngu-2450 MHz. Le mvamisa ibangela ama-molecule asezindaweni ezimaphakathi njengama-molecule amanzi ukuthi adlidlize ngamaza aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ashisise ukudla.

I-Magnetic Field System

Insimu kazibuthe iyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwe-magnetron. Insimu kazibuthe ikhiqizwa odonsa unomphela noma ama-electromagnets. Lapho i-magnetron isebenza, isiqondiso sensimu kazibuthe sibhekene nesiqondiso sokukhishwa kwe-electron. Ama-electron anyakaza ngokuzungeza ngaphansi kwethonya lendawo kazibuthe, eyenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-electron kanye nezimbotshana ezizwakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kujabulise izimbotshana zokukhiqiza ama-microwave.

Isibonelo, kuma-magnetrons wezimboni ezinamandla amakhulu, inkambu kazibuthe eqinile ingalawula ngokunembile umkhondo wokunyakaza kwama-electron, iqinisekise ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwama-electron kanye nemigodi ezwakalayo. Lokhu kuphumela ekukhiqizweni kwamamicrowave amandla aphezulu ezinqubo zezimboni ezifana nokushisisa ama-microwave nokomisa.

Isimiso Sokusebenza

Ukukhishwa Kwe-electron kanye Nokunyakaza Kokuqala

Lapho i-cathode ishiselwa ezingeni elithile lokushisa, iqala ukukhipha ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron asheshiswa yinkambu kagesi phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode futhi aqhubekele ku-anode. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamandla kazibuthe, ama-electron ahlukunyezwa amandla e-Lorentz ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwawo.

Ukuze uqonde lokhu kalula, ake ucabange ukuthi ama-electron angahamba ngendlela eqondile ensimini kagesi. Nokho, amandla kazibuthe asebenza “njengesiqondiso,” okwenza umzila wama-electron ugobe ube ukunyakaza okuzungezayo.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Microwave

Njengoba ama-electron ehamba phakathi kwemigodi ye-anode resonant, ahlala exhumana nenkundla kagesi yemigodi. Amandla okunyakaza kwama-electron adluliselwa emigodini, okubangela ukuthi amandla kazibuthe kagesi ngaphakathi kwemigodi akhule ngokuqhubekayo, agcine esenza i-oscillation ye-microwave ezinzile.

Imigodi ezwakalayo isebenza “njengesikhulisamandla samandla.” Amandla okunyakaza kwama-electron anqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemigodi. Uma izimo ezithile kuhlangatshezwana nazo, ama-microwave ayakhiqizwa futhi aphume ekugcineni kwe-magnetron (imvamisa ukuxhumana kwe-waveguide). Lawa ma-microwaves abe esesetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.

Izinkambu Zokusebenza

Imishini Yasekhaya - Ovens Microwave

I-magnetron iyisici esiyinhloko samahhavini ama-microwave. Ikhiqiza ama-microwave akwazi ukushisisa ukudla ngokushesha. Ama-microwave akhiqizwa yi-magnetron kuhhavini ye-microwave ngokuvamile anemvamisa engu-2450 MHz. Le mvamisa yama-microwave ingabangela ngempumelelo ama-molecule e-polar njengama-molecule wamanzi namafutha ekudleni ukuthi adlidlize ngamaza aphezulu. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-molecule kudala ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze ukufudumeza ngokushesha.

Isibonelo, ukushisa inkomishi yobisi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, futhi ubisi lungafinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuphuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhavini ama-microwave ngokuvamile ashisisa ukudla ngokulinganayo, okuhlinzeka ngendlela elula nesheshayo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu zansuku zonke zokushisisa ukudla.

Izicelo zezimboni

I-Microwave Heating and Drying: Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, ama-microwave akhiqizwa ama-magnetron angasetshenziswa ukufudumeza nokomisa izinto ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, embonini yokucubungula izinkuni, ukomiswa kwezinkuni nge-microwave kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokumisa, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka nokuqhekeka kwezinkuni phakathi nenqubo yokomisa. Okomisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ukushisa kwe-microwave kungafinyelela imiphumela yokomisa esheshayo nefanayo, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukuxhumana kweMicrowave: Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zama-microwave zakuqala, ama-magnetron nawo abambe iqhaza. Zingasebenza njengemithombo yesignali ye-microwave, futhi amasiginali we-microwave adluliselwe ekugcineni ngamagagasi namanye amadivaysi okudlulisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana okude. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor nezinye izinkambu, ezinye izinhlobo zemithombo ye-microwave manje sezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-microwave.

I-Radar Systems

Ama-magnetron angasetshenziswa njengemithombo ye-microwave kwezinye izinhlelo ze-radar ezilula. Angakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-pulses e-microwave enamandla amakhulu, akhishwa izimpondo. Lapho la ma-pulses ehlangana nezinto eziqondiwe, aboniswa emuva. Isistimu yokwamukela i-radar ithola amasignali e-microwave abonisiwe ukuze anqume indawo, isivinini, nolunye ulwazi lwezinto eziqondiwe.

Isibonelo, kwezinye i-radar yesimo sezulu esisezingeni elincane noma amasistimu e-radar yokugada ebanga elifushane, ama-magnetron anganikeza amandla anele we-microwave ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi yokuthola okuhlosiwe.