Imagnethi

Ukuqulunqwa koLwakhiwo

I-Cathode kunye ne-Anode System

Amacandelo angundoqo we-magnetron yi-cathode kunye ne-anode. I-cathode ngokuqhelekileyo yi-cathode eshushu, ekhupha ii-electron xa ishushu. Ezi electron zikhawuleza yintsimi yombane phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode kwaye iqala ukuhamba. I-anode sisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinemingxuma emininzi evakalayo. Le mingxuma ziindawo eziphambili zokuvelisa amandla e-microwave, kwaye ubungakanani bayo kunye nokumila kuchaphazela ukuphindaphindeka kunye namandla ee-microwaves.

Umzekelo, kwi-magnetron ye-oven ye-microwave eqhelekileyo yasekhaya, i-anode resonant cavities iyilwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuvelisa i-microwave frequency malunga ne-2450 MHz. Le frikhwensi ibangela ukuba iimolekyuli zepolar ezifana neemolekyuli zamanzi zingcangcazele kwizandi eziphakamileyo, ngaloo ndlela zifudumeza ukutya.

Inkqubo yeMagnetic Field

Umhlaba wemagnethi uyinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwemagnetron. Umhlaba wemagnethi uveliswa ziimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye i-electromagnets. Xa i-magnetron isebenza, i-magnetic field direction is perpendicular to direction of electron emission. Ii-elektroni zihamba ngentshukumo ejikelezayo phantsi kwempembelelo yemagnethi, eyenza unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-electron kunye nemingxuma evakalayo, ngaloo ndlela inika umdla imingxunya yokuvelisa ii-microwaves.

Umzekelo, kwiimagnetron ezinamandla amakhulu kwimizi-mveliso, indawo eyomeleleyo kazibuthe inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo umkhondo wentshukumo ye-electron, iqinisekisa intsebenziswano esebenzayo ngakumbi phakathi kwee-electron kunye ne-resonant cavities. Oku kubangela ukuveliswa kwee-microwaves ezinamandla aphezulu kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nokufudumeza ii-microwave kunye nokomisa.

UmGaqo wokuSebenza

Ukukhutshwa kwe-Elektroni kunye neNtshukumo yokuQala

Xa i-cathode ishushu kwiqondo lobushushu elithile, iqala ukukhupha ii-electron. Ezi electron zikhawuleza yintsimi yombane phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode kwaye ziqhubele kwi-anode. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngenxa yobukho bomhlaba wamagnetic, ii-electron zichithwa ngamandla eLorentz ngexesha lokuhamba kwazo.

Ukuyiqonda le nto ngokulula, khawucinge ukuba ii-electron zihamba ngendlela ethe tye kwintsimi yombane. Noko ke, amandla emagnethi asebenza “njengesikhokelo,” nto leyo ebangela ukuba umjelo weelektroni ugobe ukuze ujikeleze.

Inkqubo yesiZukulwana seMicrowave

Njengoko ii-electron zihamba phakathi kwe-anode resonant cavities, zihlala zinxibelelana ne-electromagnetic field of the cavities. Amandla okunyakaza kwee-electron akhutshelwa kwimingxuma, ebangela ukuba amandla e-electromagnetic field angaphakathi kwimingxuma anyuke ngokuqhubekayo, ekugqibeleni enze i-oscillation ye-microwave ezinzileyo.

Imingxunya evakalayo isebenza "njengesandisi samandla." Amandla entshukumo yee-electron aqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimingxuma. Xa iimeko ezithile zifezekisiwe, ii-microwaves zenziwe kwaye ziphuma kwisiphelo semveliso yemagnetron (ngokuqhelekileyo uxhulumaniso lwe-waveguide). Ezi microwave zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Iinkalo zeSicelo

Izixhobo zaseKhaya-IiOveni zeMicrowave

Imagnetron yinxalenye ephambili yee-oveni zemicrowave. Ivelisa ii-microwaves ezinokutshisa ngokukhawuleza ukutya. Ii-microwaves eziveliswa yimagnetron kwioveni yemicrowave zikholisa ukuba nomthamo oyi-2450 MHz. Oku kuphindaphindwa kwee-microwaves kunokubangela ngokufanelekileyo iimolekyuli zepolar ezinje ngamanzi kunye neemolekyuli zamanqatha ekutyeni ukuba zingcangcazele ngamaxesha aphezulu. Ukruthakruthwano phakathi kweemolekyuli kuvelisa ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela kuzuzwa ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza.

Umzekelo, ukufudumeza ikomityi yobisi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, kwaye ubisi lunokufikelela kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusela. Ngaphaya koko, ii-oveni zemicrowave zifudumeza ukutya ngokulinganayo ngokulinganayo, zibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo nekhawulezayo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantu zokufudumeza ukutya.

Izicelo zoShishino

Ukufudumeza kweMicrowave kunye nokomisa: Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ii-microwaves eziveliswa ziimagnetron zinokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokomisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokulungisa iinkuni, ukomiswa komthi kwi-microwave kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokumisa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa i-deformation kunye nokuqhekeka kweenkuni ngexesha lokumisa. Ukomisa izinto ezikrwada zekhemikhali, ukufudumeza kwe-microwave kunokufezekisa iziphumo zokomisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezifanayo, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

Unxibelelwano lweMicrowave: Kwiinkqubo zokuqala zonxibelelwano kwi-microwave, iimagnetron nazo zadlala indima. Banokusebenza njengemithombo yomqondiso we-microwave, kwaye imiqondiso ye-microwave idluliselwe ekupheleni kokufumana ngee-waveguides kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhambisa ukuphumeza unxibelelwano olude. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-semiconductor kunye nezinye iindawo, ezinye iintlobo zemithombo ye-microwave ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave.

IiNkqubo zeRadar

Iimagnethi zinokusetyenziswa njengemithombo ye-microwave kwezinye iinkqubo ezilula zeradar. Zinokuvelisa iipulse ze-microwave ezinamandla aphezulu, ezikhutshwa zii-eriyali. Xa ezi pulses zidibana nezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, zibonakaliswa ngasemva. Inkqubo yokufumana irada ibhaqa imiqondiso ye-microwave ebonakalisiweyo ukumisela indawo, isantya, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo.

Umzekelo, kwezinye iiradar zemozulu encinci okanye iinkqubo zeradar zomda omfutshane, iimagnetron zinokubonelela ngamandla aneleyo e-microwave ukufezekisa imisebenzi ekujoliswe kuyo.