Magnetron

Kuumbwa Kwechimiro

Cathode uye Anode System

Izvo zvakakosha zvemagineti ndeye cathode uye anode. Iyo cathode inowanzova inopisa cathode, iyo inobudisa maerekitironi kana ichipisa. Maerekitironi aya anokwidziridzwa nemunda wemagetsi pakati pecathode neanode uye otanga kufamba. Iyo anode chimiro chakaoma chine akawanda resonant cavities. Aya makomba inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugadzira simba remicrowave, uye saizi yavo uye chimiro zvinokanganisa kuwanda uye simba rema microwaves.

Semuenzaniso, mune yakajairwa imba microwave oven magnetron, iyo anode resonant cavities yakagadzirirwa chaizvo kugadzira microwave frequency inosvika 2450 MHz. Iyi frequency inokonzeresa kuti mapolar molecules senge mamorekuru emvura azungunuke pakakwirira, nekudaro kudziyisa chikafu.

Magnetic Field System

Iyo magnetic field chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwakajairika kwemagnetron. Iyo magnetic field inogadzirwa nemagetsi echigarire kana magetsi emagetsi. Kana iyo magineti ichishanda, iyo magineti dhizaini inotenderera kune kutungamira kwemagetsi emission. Maerekitironi anofamba achitenderera ari pasi pesimba remagineti, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekudyidzana pakati pemaerekitironi nemakomba anorira, zvichibva zvafadza mhango kuti dzigadzire mamicrowave.

Semuyenzaniso, mumaindasitiri epamusoro-simba magineti, simba remagineti rakasimba rinogona kunyatso kudzora mafambiro emagetsi ekufambisa, kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwakanyanya pakati pemaerekitironi nemakomba anorira. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ma microwave ezve maindasitiri maitiro senge microwave kudziyisa nekuomesa.

Kushanda Nheyo

Electron Emission uye Initial Motion

Kana cathode ichidziya kune imwe tembiricha, inotanga kuburitsa maerekitironi. Maerekitironi aya anokwidziridzwa nendima yemagetsi pakati pecathode neanode uye anoenda kune anode. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemagineti, ma electrons anotsauswa nechisimba cheLorentz panguva yekufamba kwavo.

Kuti unzwisise izvi zviri nyore, fungidzira kuti maerekitironi aizofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka mumunda wemagetsi. Zvisinei, simba remagineti rinoshanda se“mutungamiri,” zvichiita kuti nzira yemaerekitironi ikotamire kuita denderedzwa.

Microwave Generation Process

Sezvo maerekitironi achifamba pakati peanode resonant cavities, anoramba achidyidzana neelectromagnetic field yemakomba. Simba rekufamba kwemaerekitironi rinoendeswa kumakomba, zvichiita kuti simba remagetsi remumunda riri mukati memakomba rirambe richiwedzera, rinopedzisira raita microwave oscillation yakagadzikana.

Iwo maburi anonzwika anoita se "energy amplifier." Simba rekufamba kwemaerekitironi rinoungana mukati memakomba. Kana mamwe mamiriro asangana, ma microwave anogadzirwa uye anobuda kubva kunobuda kumagumo emagnetron (kazhinji iyo waveguide yekubatanidza). Aya ma microwaves anobva ashandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana.

Minda Yekushandisa

Midziyo yekumba – Microwave Ovens

Iyo magnetron chikamu chakakosha chemicrowave oveni. Inogadzira ma microwaves anogona kukurumidza kupisa chikafu. Iwo ma microwaves anogadzirwa nemagnetron muovheni yewa microwave kazhinji ane frequency ye2450 MHz. Iyi frequency yema microwaves inogona kunyatsokonzeresa polar mamorekuru akadai semvura uye mafuta mamorekuru ari muchikafu kuti azungunuke pakakwirira. Iko kupokana pakati pemamorekuru kunounza kupisa, nekudaro kuwana nekukurumidza kupisa.

Semuenzaniso, kupisa kapu yemukaka kunongotora maminetsi mashoma, uye mukaka unogona kusvika kune tembiricha yekunwa yakakodzera. Uyezve, maovheni emicrowave anowanzo kupisa chikafu zvakaenzana, achipa nzira iri nyore uye inokurumidza kusangana nevanhu zuva nezuva zvekudziisa chikafu.

Industrial Applications

Microwave Heating uye Kuomesa: Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, ma microwave anogadzirwa nemagineti anogona kushandiswa kupisa nekuomesa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yekugadzira huni, kuomeswa kwehuni kwe microwave kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya nguva yekuomeswa, kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira, uye kuderedza deformation uye kuputika kwehuni panguva yekuomesa. Nekuomesa makemikari zvigadzirwa, microwave kupisa inogona kuwana nekukurumidza uye yunifomu yekuomesa mhedzisiro, kuvandudza chigadzirwa mhando.

Microwave Kukurukurirana: Mukutanga microwave kutaurirana masisitimu, magineti akaitawo basa. Ivo vaigona kushanda sema microwave masaini masosi, uye masaini emicrowave akaendeswa kumagumo ekugamuchira kuburikidza nemasaisai uye mamwe maturusi ekutapurirana kuti awane kutaurirana kureba. Nekudaro, nekuvandudzwa kweiyo semiconductor tekinoroji uye mamwe minda, mamwe marudzi ema microwave masosi ave kunyanya kushandiswa mukutaurirana kwemicrowave.

Radar Systems

Magnetrons anogona zvakare kushandiswa se microwave masosi mune mamwe akareruka radar masisitimu. Vanogona kugadzira high-power microwave pulses, iyo inobudiswa neantennas. Kana mapuruzi aya asangana nezvinhu zvakanangwa, anotaridzwa kumashure. Iyo radar yekugamuchira sisitimu inoona inoratidzwa microwave masiginecha kuona nzvimbo, kumhanya, uye rumwe ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakanangwa.

Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe madiki emamiriro ekunze radar kana mapfupi-renji ekutarisa radar masisitimu, magineti anogona kupa akakwana microwave simba kuti awane chinangwa chekuona mabasa.