Magnetron

Kapangidwe Kapangidwe

Cathode ndi Anode System

Zigawo zazikulu za magnetron ndi cathode ndi anode. Cathode imakhala ndi cathode yotentha, yomwe imatulutsa ma electron ikatenthedwa. Ma electron awa amafulumizitsidwa ndi munda wamagetsi pakati pa cathode ndi anode ndikuyamba kusuntha. Anode ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe ali ndi ma resonant cavities angapo. Mabowo awa ndi madera ofunikira pakupangira mphamvu za ma microwave, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake zimakhudza ma frequency ndi mphamvu za ma microwave.

Mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba wamba microwave uvuni magnetron, mazenera anode resonant amapangidwa ndendende kupanga mayikirowevu pafupipafupi 2450 MHz. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a polar monga mamolekyu amadzi agwedezeke pazifukwa zazikulu, motero amatenthetsa chakudya.

Magnetic Field System

Mphamvu ya maginito ndiyofunikira kuti maginito agwire bwino ntchito. Mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa ndi maginito osatha kapena ma electromagnets. Pamene magnetron ikugwira ntchito, mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito ndi perpendicular kwa njira ya electron emission. Ma electron amasuntha mozungulira mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ma electron agwirizane ndi ma resonant cavities, motero amasangalatsa mapako kuti apange ma microwaves.

Mwachitsanzo, mu maginito amphamvu kwambiri m'mafakitale, mphamvu ya maginito yolimba imatha kuwongolera ndendende momwe ma elekitironi amayendera, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma elekitironi amalumikizana bwino kwambiri ndi ma resonant cavities. Izi zimabweretsa kupangidwa kwa ma microwave amphamvu kwambiri panjira zamafakitale monga kutenthetsa ma microwave ndi kuyanika.

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Electron Emission and Initial Motion

Pamene cathode yatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina, imayamba kutulutsa ma elekitironi. Ma elekitironi awa amafulumizitsidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi pakati pa cathode ndi anode ndikusunthira ku anode. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mphamvu ya maginito, ma electron amachotsedwa ndi mphamvu ya Lorentz pakuyenda kwawo.

Kuti mumvetse izi mophweka, taganizirani kuti ma elekitironi angayende molunjika m'munda wamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu ya maginito imagwira ntchito ngati “chitsogozo,” kuchititsa kuti maelekitironiwo ayende mozungulira.

Njira Yopangira Microwave

Pamene ma elekitironi akuyenda pakati pa mapanga a anode resonant, amalumikizana mosalekeza ndi gawo la electromagnetic la mphako. Mphamvu zama elekitironi zimasamutsidwira m'mabowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi mkati mwa minyewayo ichuluke mosalekeza, kenako ndikupanga microwave oscillation yokhazikika.

Mitsempha ya resonant imakhala ngati "amplifier ya mphamvu." Mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi amaunjikana mkati mwa mphako. Zinthu zina zikakwaniritsidwa, ma microwave amapangidwa ndikutulutsa kuchokera kumapeto kwa magnetron (nthawi zambiri kulumikizana kwa waveguide). Ma microwave awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Minda Yofunsira

Zida Zanyumba - Mavuni a Microwave

Magnetron ndi gawo lofunikira la uvuni wa microwave. Amapanga ma microwave omwe amatha kutentha chakudya mwachangu. Ma microwave opangidwa ndi magnetron mu uvuni wa microwave amakhala ndi ma frequency a 2450 MHz. Mafupipafupi a ma microwave awa amatha kuyambitsa mamolekyu a polar monga mamolekyu amadzi ndi mafuta m'zakudya kuti agwedezeke pafupipafupi. Kukangana pakati pa mamolekyu kumatulutsa kutentha, motero kumatenthetsa mofulumira.

Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kapu ya mkaka kumangotenga mphindi zochepa, ndipo mkaka ukhoza kufika kutentha kwakumwa koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mauvuni a ma microwave nthawi zambiri amatenthetsa chakudya mofanana, kupereka njira yabwino komanso yachangu yopezera zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu pakuwotcha chakudya.

Industrial Applications

Kutentha kwa Microwave ndi Kuyanika: Popanga mafakitale, ma microwave opangidwa ndi maginito amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa ndi kuwumitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani opangira matabwa, kuyanika nkhuni mu microwave kumatha kuchepetsa nthawi yowumitsa, kukonza bwino kupanga, komanso kuchepetsa kupindika ndi kuphulika kwa nkhuni panthawi yowumitsa. Pakuti kuyanika mankhwala zopangira, microwave Kutentha akhoza kukwaniritsa mofulumira ndi yunifolomu kuyanika zotsatira, kuwongolera mankhwala khalidwe.

Kulankhulana kwa Microwave: M'makina oyambilira a microwave, maginito adagwiranso ntchito. Atha kukhala ngati magwero a ma siginecha a microwave, ndipo ma siginecha a microwave adatumizidwa kumalo olandirira kudzera pa ma waveguide ndi zida zina zotumizira kuti athe kulumikizana mtunda wautali. Komabe, ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa semiconductor ndi magawo ena, mitundu ina ya magwero a microwave tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi ma microwave.

Radar Systems

Magnetroni amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero a ma microwave mumakina osavuta a radar. Amatha kupanga ma microwave amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amapangidwa ndi tinyanga. Ziphuphuzi zikakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zikufuna, zimawonekeranso kumbuyo. Dongosolo lolandirira radar limazindikira ma siginecha a microwave kuti adziwe malo, liwiro, ndi zidziwitso zina za zinthu zomwe mukufuna.

Mwachitsanzo, m'makina ang'onoang'ono a nyengo ya radar kapena makina afupikitsa a radar, maginito amatha kupereka mphamvu zokwanira za ma microwave kuti akwaniritse ntchito zowunikira.