Magnetron

Tsarin Tsarin

Cathode da Anode System

Babban abubuwan da ke cikin magnetron shine cathode da anode. Cathode shine yawanci zafi cathode, wanda ke fitar da electrons lokacin zafi. Wadannan electrons suna hanzari ta hanyar wutar lantarki tsakanin cathode da anode kuma suna fara motsawa. A anode wani hadadden tsari ne mai yawa resonant cavities. Wadannan cavities sune mahimman wurare don samar da makamashi na microwave, kuma girmansu da siffar su suna shafar mita da ƙarfin microwaves.

Misali, a cikin tanda na lantarki na gida na gama gari magnetron, an ƙera ɗigon ruwan anode daidai don samar da mitar microwave na kusan 2450 MHz. Wannan mitar yana haifar da ƙwayoyin polar irin su kwayoyin ruwa don yin rawar jiki a mitoci masu yawa, ta haka za su dumama abinci.

Tsarin Filin Magnetic

Filin maganadisu muhimmin abu ne don aiki na yau da kullun na magnetron. Ana samar da filin maganadisu ta hanyar maganadisu na dindindin ko na lantarki. Lokacin da magnetron ke aiki, jagorar filin maganadisu yana daidai da alkiblar fitar da lantarki. Electrons suna motsawa a cikin motsi na juyawa ƙarƙashin rinjayar filin maganadisu, wanda ke ba da damar hulɗar tsakanin electrons da cavities masu resonant, don haka yana daɗaɗa kogon don samar da microwaves.

Misali, a masana'antu magnetrons masu ƙarfin ƙarfi, filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi zai iya sarrafa daidai yanayin motsin lantarki, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen hulɗa tsakanin electrons da cavities masu resonant. Wannan yana haifar da ƙirƙira na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi don hanyoyin masana'antu kamar dumama microwave da bushewa.

Ƙa'idar Aiki

Electron Emission da Farko Motion

Lokacin da cathode ya yi zafi zuwa wani zafin jiki, ya fara fitar da electrons. Wadannan electrons suna hanzari ta hanyar lantarki tsakanin cathode da anode kuma suna motsawa zuwa anode. A lokaci guda, saboda kasancewar filin maganadisu, ƙarfin Lorentz yana karkatar da electrons yayin motsi.

Don fahimtar wannan a sauƙaƙe, yi tunanin cewa electrons za su motsa a madaidaiciyar layi a cikin wutar lantarki. Koyaya, filin maganadisu yana aiki azaman “jagora,” yana haifar da yanayin yanayin electrons zuwa karkace motsi.

Tsarin Farkon Microwave

Yayin da electrons ke motsawa tsakanin raƙuman ruwa na anode, suna ci gaba da yin hulɗa tare da filin lantarki na cavities. Ana canza kuzarin motsin electrons zuwa ramuka, yana haifar da kuzarin filin lantarki da ke cikin cavities ya karu akai-akai, a ƙarshe yana samar da juzu'in injin microwave.

Ƙwayoyin da ke da ƙarfi suna aiki kamar "amplifier makamashi." Ƙarfin motsin electrons ya taru a cikin cavities. Lokacin da wasu sharuɗɗa suka cika, ana samar da microwaves kuma ana fitarwa daga ƙarshen abin da ake fitarwa na magnetron (yawanci haɗin kai). Ana amfani da waɗannan microwaves a aikace-aikace daban-daban.

Filin Aikace-aikace

Kayayyakin Gida - Tanderun Microwave

Magnetron shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci na tanda microwave. Yana haifar da microwaves wanda zai iya zafi da abinci da sauri. Microwave da magnetron ke samarwa a cikin tanda microwave yawanci suna da mitar 2450 MHz. Wannan mitar microwaves na iya haifar da tasirin polar molecules kamar ruwa da ƙwayoyin kitse a cikin abinci don girgiza a mitoci masu yawa. Tashin hankali tsakanin kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da zafi, don haka samun saurin dumama.

Misali, dumama kofin madara yana ɗaukar 'yan mintoci kaɗan kawai, kuma madarar na iya kaiwa yanayin sha mai dacewa. Bugu da ƙari, tanda na microwave gabaɗaya yana zafi abinci daidai gwargwado, yana ba da hanya mai dacewa da sauri don saduwa da bukatun yau da kullun na mutane don dumama abinci.

Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu

Dumama da bushewa na Microwave: A cikin samar da masana'antu, ana iya amfani da microwaves da magnetrons ke samarwa don zafi da bushe abubuwa daban-daban. Misali, a cikin masana'antar sarrafa itace, bushewar itacen microwave na iya rage lokacin bushewa sosai, inganta aikin samarwa, da rage nakasu da tsagewar itace yayin aikin bushewar. Don bushewa da albarkatun ƙasa na sinadarai, dumama na lantarki na iya samun saurin bushewa da sauri, inganta ingancin samfur.

Sadarwar Microwave: A farkon tsarin sadarwar microwave, magnetrons suma sun taka rawa. Za su iya zama tushen siginar microwave, kuma ana watsa siginar microwave zuwa ƙarshen karɓa ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa da sauran na'urorin watsawa don cimma sadarwa mai nisa. Koyaya, tare da haɓaka fasahar semiconductor da sauran fagage, wasu nau'ikan tushen microwave yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin sadarwa ta microwave.

Radar Systems

Hakanan ana iya amfani da Magnetrons azaman tushen microwave a wasu sassauƙan tsarin radar. Suna iya haifar da bugun jini mai ƙarfi na microwave, wanda eriya ke fitarwa. Lokacin da waɗannan bugun jini suka ci karo da abubuwan da ake nufi, ana nuna su baya. Tsarin karɓar radar yana gano siginar microwave da aka nuna don tantance matsayi, gudu, da sauran bayanan abubuwan da aka yi niyya.

Misali, a wasu ƙananan radar yanayi ko tsarin radar sa ido na gajeren zango, magnetrons na iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin microwave don cimma ayyukan gano manufa.