Naphezu kokuncintisana okunzima kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke yabathengi be-elekthronikhi, izesekeli ze-TV, njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lwezimboni, zibhekene nezinselele eziningi ezifana nezithiyo zokuhweba eziqinisiwe, ukuncintisana okufanayo, kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-universalAmabhodi omama e-LCD,imichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva, futhiAma-LNB (Amabhulokhi Omsindo Ophansi)zisebenza njengezesekeli ze-TV eziyinhloko, ezinezimpawu ezihlukile zesidingo semakethe: usayizi wemakethe wamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile aseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.23 ngo-2025, usayizi wemakethe ye-backlight strip cishe u-yuan oyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.85, kanti imakethe ye-LNB ikhula ngesilinganiso esingu-7.8% ngenxa yokwanda kwe-TV yesathelayithi. Le sethi yedatha ayigcini nje ngokugqamisa amandla emakethe ehlukanisiwe kodwa futhi iveza ukuphuthuma kokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi amabhizinisi akhiqiza lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezesekeli ze-TV angafinyelela kanjani ukukhula okuphumelelayo ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe kusuka ezicini ezine: ukuhlaziywa kwemikhuba yemakethe, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenani lomkhiqizo, ukusungula imodeli yesiteshi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuhambisana.
I. Ukuhlaziywa Kwethrendi: Ukuqonda Izimakethe Ezinkulu Ezintathu Ezinkulu
Imakethe yezesekeli ze-TV yomhlaba wonke ibonisa ukwehluka kwesakhiwo, futhi ukubeka ngokunembile izimakethe ezikhulayo kuyisiqalo sokudlula. Ngokombono wesifunda, amazwe angaphansi kwe-“Belt and Road” abe yizimakethe ezisafufusa ezingaba khona kakhulu. Lezi zifunda zinesidingo esikhulu sezesekeli ezinomsindo nokubukwayo ezingabizi kakhulu futhi zincike kakhulu ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka lwaseShayina ngenxa yamakhono okukhiqiza endawo alinganiselwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-5%-8% sezimakethe zendabuko zaseYurophu naseMelika, inani lokungenisa lezesekeli ze-TV eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwezinye izifunda linesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-15%-20%. Phakathi kwazo, i-Indonesia, i-Saudi Arabia namanye amazwe abone ukwanda okungu-32% ngonyaka kwenani lokungenisa lama-adapter ngo-2024 ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa.
Izimakethe ezihlukanisiwe ezidalwe ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe nazo zifanelwe ukunakwa. Njengoba ama-TV e-4K/8K e-ultra-high-definition athandwa kakhulu (izinga lokungena emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule u-45% ngo-2025), isidingo sama-motherboard e-LCD ajwayelekile asekela i-HDR10+ kanye namazinga aphezulu okuvuselela sikhuphuke kakhulu. Le mikhiqizo inokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kanye namakhono okusebenzisa ikhompyutha aqinile, futhi intengo yayo yeyunithi ingafinyelela izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kuya kwezine kuneyama-motherboard ajwayelekile, okubalwa u-52% wokuthengisa esifundeni saseYangtze River Delta. Emkhakheni wemichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva, ubuchwepheshe be-Mini LED busheshisa ukushintshwa kwama-LED endabuko, kanti izinga lokungena kwemichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva kwe-Mini LED enokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kuma-TV aphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule u-20% ekupheleni konyaka. Imikhiqizo ye-LNB ithuthukela ekuxhumaneni okunencazelo ephezulu kanye nokuxhumana okubili, kanti isidingo sama-LNB asekela ukwamukelwa kwesignali yesathelayithi ye-4K ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi sinezinga lokukhula lonyaka elingaphezu kuka-15%, okuba yindlela ebalulekile yokuncintisana okuhlukile.
Izimakethe eziqhutshwa yinqubomgomo ziveza amathuba okukhula ngokuzumayo. Inqubomgomo yokuhweba ngemishini yasekhaya yaseShayina iholele ekukhuleni okungu-6.8% ekuthengisweni kwe-TV ngo-2024, lapho okungu-37.2% kwathengiswa ngeziteshi zokuhweba, okuqhuba ngqo isidingo sezesekeli ezisekelayo. Lesi sabelo senqubomgomo sisabalala phesheya kwezilwandle: "I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism" (CBAM) ye-EU iphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise imikhiqizo eluhlaza, kuyilapho "i-CHIPS and Science Act" yase-US ihlinzeka ngezibonelelo zehadiwe ehlakaniphile, idala amathuba okufinyelela amabhizinisi ezesekeli zaseShayina anezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe.
II. Ukuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo: Ukuguquka kusuka “Ekusebenziseni Izindleko” kuya “Ekusunguleni Intengo Entsha”
(I) Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Ukuze Kwakhiwe Umsele
Ingqikithi yokuqeda ukuncintisana okufanayo isekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe. Imakethe yamanje iveza izici "zamamodeli ayisisekelo agcwele kanye namamodeli anele aphezulu": emkhakheni wamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile, inzuzo yemikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala ingaphansi kuka-6%, kuyilapho inzuzo enkulu yamabhodi e-smart asekela ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe se-AI kanye nokwandiswa kwe-multi-interface ingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30%; emakethe ye-backlight strip, ama-LED strips endabuko abhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu kwentengo, kuyilapho ama-Mini LED strips egcina inzuzo enkulu engu-28%-35% ngenxa yezithiyo zobuchwepheshe; emikhiqizweni ye-LNB, amamodeli anencazelo ejwayelekile asabala u-60%, kodwa amamodeli anencazelo ephezulu akhula kakhulu. Amabhizinisi kufanele agxile eziqondisweni ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe: okokuqala, ukuthuthukisa izingxenye eziyinhloko - amabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile kufanele asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo ezihlanganisa ama-AI chips kanye nokusekela ukuqoshwa kwe-8K, ama-backlight strips kufanele akhuthaze ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bokupakisha ama-chip e-Mini LED, kanye nama-LNB kufanele athuthukise amamojula okwamukela anencazelo ephezulu asekela indinganiso ye-DVB-S3; okwesibili, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlakaniphile – amabhodi omama kufanele engeze ukulawula izwi kanye nokuxhumana kwedivayisi, imichilo yokukhanya kufanele ithuthukise ukulungiswa kokushisa kombala kanye nemisebenzi yokufiphaza okuhlakaniphile, kanti ama-LNB kufanele ahlanganise amamojula okuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ukuze kufezwe ukusebenzisana kwedatha ngezindlela ezimbili; okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphansi bekhabhoni – amabhodi omama kufanele asebenzise ama-chip anamandla aphansi, imichilo yokukhanya kufanele isebenzise izinto zokupakisha ezinobungani nemvelo, kanti ama-LNB kufanele athuthukise ukwakheka kwesekethe ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesitifiketi se-EU CE, i-US ENERGY STAR kanye nezinye izindinganiso kusengaphambili.
(II) Umklamo Wesixazululo Esisekelwe Ezimweni
Ukushintsha kusuka kumkhiqizo owodwa kuya kusisombululo esisekelwe esimweni kuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa inani elengeziwe. Dala amaphakheji enziwe ngokwezifiso amaqembu ahlukene abasebenzisi: qala "izixazululo eziphelele zokusekela umshini" ze-TV整机abakhiqizi, abahlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yokuthengwa okukodwa kwamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile + imichilo yangemuva + ama-LNB, ngezinhlelo zokushayela ezikhethekile kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa amaphutha; bathuthukise "amaphakheji okuthuthukisa ukulungiswa" emakethe yokulungisa, kufaka phakathi amabhodi e-mama kanye nemichilo yokukhanya yamamodeli ahlukene namathuluzi okufaka, anamathiselwe nezincwadi ezinemininingwane zokuxilonga amaphutha; bahlinzeka "ngezixazululo zokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu" kubaqhubi be-TV yesathelayithi baphesheya kwezilwandle, behlanganisa ama-LNB anencazelo ephezulu, izihlukanisi zesignali kanye nemishini yokulungisa amaphutha. Ibhizinisi lasePearl River Delta lethule "ikhithi yokuthuthukisa i-TV ye-4K" (kufaka phakathi amabhodi e-mama ahlakaniphile + imichilo yangemuva ye-Mini LED), futhi ngokubambisana nemikhiqizo ye-TV yendawo, bathole ukukhula kwekota ngekota okungu-95% kumthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle, okubonisa umphumela oqinile wokumaketha okusekelwe esimweni.
(III) Iphrojekthi Yokuthuthukisa Uhlelo Lwekhwalithi
Isitifiketi sokuthobela imithetho sesibe “imvume” yokufinyelela kwezohwebo lwangaphandle. Ekupheleni kuka-2024, ama-87% emikhiqizo ye-TV evamile aseqedile isitifiketi semvelo, futhi imikhiqizo yezesekeli ifakiwe ekuphathweni okuhlangene. Amabhizinisi adinga ukusungula uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi olugcwele inqubo: amabhodi omama e-LCD ajwayelekile adinga ukudlula izitifiketi ze-EU RoHS 3.0 kanye ne-US FCC ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwama-chip nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi; imichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva kumele ihambisane nezindinganiso zokusebenza kahle kwamandla ze-EU ERP ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-mercury; Imikhiqizo ye-LNB idinga ukudlula i-CE (EU), i-FCC (US), i-GCF (Global Certification Forum) kanye nezinye izitifiketi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokwamukelwa kwesignali kanye nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-“Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive” (WEEE 2.0) entsha ye-EU izosetshenziswa ngo-2026, idinga izinga lokuphinda kusetshenziswe umkhiqizo likhuphuke lifike ku-85%. Amabhizinisi adinga ukulungisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo kusenesikhathi: amabhodi omama e-LCD ajwayelekile amukela ukwakheka kwesekethe ye-modular, imichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva yenza ngcono ukuhlelwa kobuhlalu besibani ukuze kube lula ukuhlukaniswa, kanti ama-LNB enza lula isakhiwo segobolondo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe.
III. Ukusungula Isiteshi: Ukwakha Inethiwekhi Yokumaketha Yedijithali Yesiteshi Esiphezulu
(I) Ukusebenza Okujulile Kwe-E-Commerce Ehamba Ngaphakathi
Imodeli yendabuko yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe isheshisa ukuguqulwa kwayo ibe yidijithali. Amabhizinisi kufanele agxile ekwandiseni "izitolo ezinkulu zomkhiqizo" kumapulatifomu afana ne-Amazon ne-eBay, futhi enze imisebenzi eqhutshwa idatha ngokwezici zezinhlobo ezintathu zemikhiqizo: amabhodi omama e-LCD ajwayelekile aqokomisa amapharamitha obuchwepheshe afana namamodeli e-chip kanye namakhono okubhala ikhodi, futhi akhiqize amavidiyo okuhlola ibhodi lomama ukuze abonise ukusebenza; imichilo yokukhanya yangemuva igcizelela izinkomba ezifana nokukhanya, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesikhathi sokuphila, futhi anamathisele amashadi okuqhathanisa emiphumela yangempela yokufaka; Ama-LNB agxila ezindaweni zokuthengisa ezifana nokuzwela kokwamukela isignali kanye nokuhambisana, futhi anikeze iziqondiso zokuvumelanisa isignali yesathelayithi ezifundeni ezahlukene. Qalisa Uhlu oluhlukanisiwe lwamasayithi ahlukene: isibonelo, amasayithi aseYurophu naseMelika agcizelela isitifiketi sobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu, kuyilapho amasayithi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eqokomisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokulula kokulungisa; enze ukumaketha kokuxhumana "kokukhangisa ngaphakathi + ngaphandle kwesayithi le-KOL", futhi abambisane nabablogi bokulungisa i-TV kanye nama-KOL okubuyekeza nge-elekthronikhi ukwenza izivivinyo zangempela zomkhiqizo ukwandisa ukuvezwa komkhiqizo. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2024, inani lama-oda awela imingcele yamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile asekela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwamapharamitha obuchwepheshe landa ngo-82% unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa ukuthi ukumaketha okunembile kungaqhuba ngempumelelo isidingo sabathengi abangochwepheshe.
(II) Ukungena Kweziteshi Ezingaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethi Okwenziwe Endaweni Yakini
Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezimakethe ezisafufusa kubaluleke kakhulu. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, sebenzisana nezikhungo zokulungisa i-TV zasendaweni ukuze usungule inethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwezingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni sama-motherboard e-LCD ajwayelekile kanye nemigqa yokukhanya kwangemuva; emakethe yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, hlala ezitolo zezinsiza zikagesi ezindaweni zebhizinisi eziyinhloko njengeDubai Mall, setha izindawo zokuhlangenwe nakho komkhiqizo we-LNB, futhi ubonise imiphumela yokwamukela isignali yesathelayithi enencazelo ephezulu; emakethe yaseYurophu, sungula ukubambisana okunesu neziteshi zezintambo ezifana neMedia Markt, futhi ufake imichilo ye-Mini LED backlight ephezulu kanye nama-motherboard e-smart LCD “ezindaweni zazo zezinsiza zokuthuthukisa i-TV”. Ezimakethe ezibalulekile, cabanga ngokusetha izindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya ukuze ugcine ama-motherboard kanye nemigqa yokukhanya yamamodeli asetshenziswa njalo ukuze unciphise umjikelezo wokulethwa kwezingxenye zokulungisa. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isivinini sokuphendula sama-oda ezingxenye zokulungisa athunyelwa kusuka ezindaweni zokugcina impahla zaphesheya sishesha ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5 kuneposi eqondile, futhi ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kukhushulwa ngo-25%.
(III) Ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulatifomu e-e-commerce e-B2B awela imingcele
Amapulatifomu afana ne-Alibaba International Station kanye ne-Made-in-China asalokhu eyizindlela ezibalulekile zokuthola ama-oda amaningi. Amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise ukusebenza kwesitolo samapulatifomu: akhiqize izinguqulo zezilimi eziningi zezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, imibiko yesitifiketi kanye nezincwadi zokufaka zezinhlobo ezintathu zemikhiqizo, amabhodi omama e-LCD ajwayelekile aqokomisa idatha yokuhlola ukuhambisana, imichilo yokukhanya yangemuva inamathisela imibiko yokuhlola impilo, kanye nama-LNB ahlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo zamabhendi ahlukene emvamisa yesathelayithi; abonise imigqa yokukhiqiza ye-motherboard SMT, ama-workshop okuhlanganisa imichilo yokukhanya kanye nama-laboratory okulungisa iphutha e-LNB ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi "wokuvakasha kwefektri bukhoma" ukuthuthukisa ukwethenjwa kwabathengi; ahlanganyele "emibukisweni ekhethekile yezesekeli ze-elekthronikhi zabathengi" ephethwe yipulatifomu ukusunduza imikhiqizo ku-TV.整机abakhiqizi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokulungisa kanye nabaqhubi be-TV yesathelayithi. Kumakhasimende amakhulu anomthamo wokuthenga waminyaka yonke odlula isigidi samaRandi aseMelika, ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, njengokwenza ngokwezifiso ilogo yamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile, ukwenza ngokwezifiso izinga lokushisa lombala wemigqa yokukhanya kwangemuva, kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ibhendi yemvamisa yama-LNB, ukusungula ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside nobuzinzile.
IV. Isiqinisekiso Sokuthobela Imithetho: Ukusungula Uhlelo Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuvimbela Nokulawula Ingozi
(I) Ukuqapha Okunamandla Kwezinqubomgomo Zokuhweba
Ukungaqiniseki kwendawo yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke kuye kwanda, futhi amabhizinisi adinga ukusungula indlela yokuqapha inqubomgomo. Gxila ezinqubweni zokunciphisa intela zamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP, futhi usebenzise umthetho wokuqongelela wesifunda ukunciphisa umthwalo wentela wezinsiza ze-elekthronikhi njengebhodi le-LCD elijwayelekile kanye nemichilo yokukhanya kwangemuva; landelela uphenyo oluphikisana nokulahla imfucuza kanye nokuphikisana nemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yaseShayina yiYurophu ne-United States, futhi wenze ukubalwa kwezindleko kanye nokulungiswa kwamasu entengo yemikhiqizo ye-LNB kusenesikhathi; qaphela ukubuyekezwa kwemithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe emazweni ahlukahlukene, njengohlu olusha lwezinto eziyingozi ezinqunyelwe ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ngaphansi komthethonqubo we-EU REACH kanye nezidingo ezintsha zokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezinsiza ze-TV yi-US FDA. Kunconywa ukusungula ithimba elizinikele lokuthobela imithetho noma ukubambisana nezikhungo zokubonisana zobungcweti ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezintathu zemikhiqizo zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zokufinyelela zemakethe eqondiwe, ikakhulukazi ilayisensi yokusebenzisa imvamisa yomsakazo ehilelekile emikhiqizweni ye-LNB.
(II) Ukwakhiwa Kokuqina Kochungechunge Lokunikezela
Izingxabano ze-geopolitical kanye nobhubhane oluphindaphindwayo kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqina kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa ukwakheka kokukhiqiza kwe-"China + 1″, amise amafektri e-SMT ama-motherboard e-LCD ajwayelekile kanye namafektri okuhlanganisa ama-backlight strips emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeVietnam neMalaysia ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yendawo eyodwa yokukhiqiza; asayine izivumelwano zokubambisana zesikhathi eside nabahlinzeki be-core chip (njengeMediaTek ne-MStar) kanye nabakhiqizi bezibani ze-LED (njengeSanan Optoelectronics) ukuze bavale amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zama-motherboard e-LCD ajwayelekile kanye nama-backlight strips; asungule indlela yokusabela eziphuthumayo zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, futhi akhe izinhlelo zomhlinzeki ezihlukile zezinkinga ezifana nokuntuleka kwama-head chips aphezulu adingekayo emikhiqizweni ye-LNB. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi amabhizinisi ezesekeli ze-TV anezinkambo zokuhlinzeka ezahlukahlukene ayenezinga lokulethwa kwama-oda eliphakeme ngo-28% kunamabhizinisi anezinkambo zokuhlinzeka eyodwa ngesikhathi senkinga yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke ngo-2024, futhi ukuzinza kokulethwa kwama-motherboard e-LCD ajwayelekile kwaba ngcono kakhulu.
(III) Isu Lokuvikela Impahla Yobuhlakani
Izingxabano zempahla yobuhlakani sezibe ngenye yezingozi ezinkulu zokuhweba kwamanye amazweamabhizinisiAmabhizinisi kufanele aqinise ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi lemiphumela ye-R&D ezimele, futhi enze ukwakheka kwelungelo lobunikazi lokuklama isekethe lamabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile, isakhiwo sokusabalalisa ukushisa kwama-backlight strips, kanye nesekethe yokukhulisa isignali yama-LNB ezimakethe ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle; agweme ukwephula amalungelo empahla yengqondo yabanye, futhi enze usesho oluphelele lwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemiklamo yokubukeka kwezinhlobo ezintathu zemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi i-algorithm yokubhala ikhodi ehilelekile kumabhodi e-LCD ajwayelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuguqula nokususa ama-LNB; abambisane nezinkampani zomthetho zobungcweti ukusungula indlela yokuxwayisa kusengaphambili ngengozi yempahla yengqondo ukuze iphendule ngokushesha uma kwenzeka icala. Kuma-backlight strips kanye nemikhiqizo ye-LNB enemiklamo yokubukeka ehlukile, amalungelo obunikazi bokuklama kwezimboni angabhaliswa ezimakethe ezifana ne-EU kanye ne-US ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni kwemikhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-31-2025
