Mu gihe cy’irushanwa rikomeye ku isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ku isi, ibikoresho bya televiziyo, nk’umuyoboro w’ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw’inganda, bihura n’imbogamizi nyinshi nko gukomera kw’inzitizi mu bucuruzi, ipiganwa rihuriweho, ndetse n’amahame ya tekiniki avuguruye. Muri byo harimo, ibikoresho bihuriweho n’abantu bose.Motherboard za LCD,uduce tw'amatara yo inyuma, naLNBs (Ibice by'urusaku ruke)Ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya televiziyo, bifite imiterere itandukanye y'ibikenewe ku isoko: ingano y'isoko rya motherboard za LCD zo mu Bushinwa ziteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 6.23 z'ama-yuan mu 2025, ingano y'isoko ry'urumuri rw'inyuma ni miliyari 4.85 z'ama-yuan, kandi isoko rya LNB ririmo gukura ku kigero cya 7.8% bitewe no gukwirakwira kwa televiziyo ya satelite. Iyi mibare ntabwo igaragaza gusa ubushobozi bw'isoko ryigabanyijemo ibice, ahubwo inagaragaza ko hakenewe kuvugurura inganda. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma uburyo ibigo bikora ubwo bwoko butatu bw'ibikoresho bya televiziyo bishobora kugera ku iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga mu mpande enye: isesengura ry'imigendekere y'isoko, kongera kubaka agaciro k'ibicuruzwa, guhanga udushya mu buryo bw'imiyoboro, no kubaka sisitemu yo kubahiriza amategeko.
I. Isesengura ry'Icyerekezo: Gusobanukirwa Amasoko atatu y'Ingenzi
Isoko ry’ibikoresho bya televiziyo ku isi ririmo kugaragaza itandukaniro mu miterere, kandi gushyiraho amasoko y’inyongera neza ni yo ntego yo kunyuramo. Ukurikije imiterere y’akarere, ibihugu biri ku "Belt and Road" byabaye amasoko meza cyane. Utu turere dufite icyifuzo gikomeye cy’ibikoresho by’amajwi n’amashusho bihendutse kandi bishingiye cyane ku ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bw’inganda zo mu gihugu. Ugereranyije n’umuvuduko w’izamuka rya 5%-8% ry’amasoko gakondo y’i Burayi na Amerika, ingano y’ibikoresho bya televiziyo bitumizwa mu mahanga mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati n’ahandi, ifite igipimo cy’izamuka ry’impuzandengo ku mwaka cya 15%-20%. Muri byo, Indoneziya, Arabiya Sawudite n’ibindi bihugu byabonye ubwiyongere bw’izamuka rya 32% buri mwaka mu 2024 bitewe n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo no kongera ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho.
Amasoko atandukanye yatewe n’ikoranabuhanga na yo akwiye kwitabwaho. Kubera ko televiziyo za 4K/8K zigezweho cyane (biteganijwe ko igipimo cyo kwinjira ku isi kigomba kurenza 45% muri 2025), icyifuzo cya za motherboard za LCD zikoresha HDR10+ hamwe n’igipimo cyo kuvugurura byinshi cyariyongereye. Ibi bicuruzwa bifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu byinshi n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha mudasobwa, kandi igiciro cyabyo gishobora kugera ku nshuro 2-4 z’amamotherboard asanzwe, bingana na 52% by’ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe mu karere ka Yangtze River Delta. Mu rwego rw’imirongo y’urumuri rw’inyuma, ikoranabuhanga rya Mini LED riri kwihutisha gusimbuza LED zisanzwe, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa Mini LED backlight strips zifite urumuri rwinshi n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nke muri televiziyo zigezweho biteganijwe ko kizarenga 20% mu mpera z’umwaka. Ibicuruzwa bya LNB birimo kuzamuka bikagera ku itumanaho ryimbitse kandi ry’impande zombi, kandi icyifuzo cya LNBs gishyigikira kwakira ibimenyetso bya satelite bya 4K ku masoko y’i Burayi no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati gifite igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umwaka kirenga 15%, kikaba inzira y’ingenzi yo guhangana mu buryo butandukanye.
Amasoko ashingiye kuri politiki atanga amahirwe yo gukura mu buryo butunguranye. Politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yatumye habaho izamuka rya 6.8% mu kugurisha televiziyo mu 2024, aho 37.2% byagurishijwe binyuze mu nzira z’ubucuruzi, bituma icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bishyigikira gikwirakwira mu mahanga: “Uburyo bwo Guhindura Imipaka ya Karuboni” (CBAM) bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi burimo guhatira ibigo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa bitagira ibidukikije, mu gihe “Itegeko rya CHIPS na Science” ryo muri Amerika ritanga inkunga ku bikoresho bigezweho, ritanga amahirwe yo kubigeraho ku bigo by’ibikoresho by’inyongera byo mu Bushinwa bifite inyungu mu ikoranabuhanga.
II. Impinduka mu bicuruzwa: Impinduka kuva ku "Gukoresha Ikiguzi Cyane" kugera ku "Guhanga Agaciro"
(I) Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hubakwe umuyoboro w'amazi
Ishingiro ryo gukuraho ipiganwa rihuriweho riri mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Isoko ririho ubu rigaragaza imiterere ya "models zuzuye kandi zidahagije": mu rwego rwa motherboards za LCD zisanzwe, inyungu ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni munsi ya 6%, mu gihe inyungu rusange ya motherboards zigezweho zishyigikira kongera ishusho ya AI no kwagura interface nyinshi zishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 30%; mu isoko ry'imirongo y'urumuri rw'inyuma, imirongo ya LED isanzwe ihura n'irushanwa rikomeye ku giciro, mu gihe imirongo ya Mini LED igumana inyungu rusange hagati ya 28% na 35% bitewe n'imbogamizi za tekiniki; mu bicuruzwa bya LNB, models zisanzwe ziracyari 60%, ariko models zisanzwe zigaragara mu buryo bubiri zirimo kwiyongera cyane. Ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku byerekezo bitatu by'ingenzi by'ikoranabuhanga: icya mbere, kuvugurura ibice by'ingenzi - motherboards za LCD zisanzwe zigomba kwihutisha iterambere ry'ibisubizo bihuza chips za AI no gushyigikira decoding ya 8K, imirongo y'urumuri rw'inyuma igomba guteza imbere iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya Mini LED chip packing, na LNB zigomba guteza imbere modules zo kwakira high-definition zishyigikira standard DVB-S3; Icya kabiri, guhuza imikorere y’ubwenge – motherboard zigomba kongeramo uburyo bwo kugenzura ijwi n’uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho, imirongo y’urumuri igomba guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe bw’amabara n’imikorere y’ubwenge bwo guhindagurika, naho LNB zigomba guhuza module z’itumanaho ry’umuyoboro kugira ngo zigere ku mikoranire y’amakuru mu buryo bubiri; icya gatatu, ikoranabuhanga ry’icyatsi kibisi n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha karuboni nke – motherboard zigomba gukoresha utumashini dukoresha ingufu nke, imirongo y’urumuri igomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupakira bitangiza ibidukikije, naho LNB zigomba kunoza imiterere y’uruziga kugira ngo zigabanye ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, kugira ngo zihuze ibisabwa na EU CE, US ENERGY STAR n’andi mahame mbere y’igihe.
(II) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibisubizo gishingiye ku miterere
Guhindura kuva ku gicuruzwa kimwe ukajya ku gisubizo gishingiye ku mimerere ni ingenzi yo kongera agaciro. Kora paki zihariye ku matsinda atandukanye y'abakoresha: shyira ahagaragara "ibisubizo byuzuye bishyigikira imashini" kuri televiziyo整机inganda, zitanga uburyo bwo kugura bumwe bw’amakuru ya LCD akoreshwa mu buryo butunguranye + imiyoboro y’amatara + LNB, hamwe na porogaramu zihariye z’abashoferi na serivisi zo gukemura ibibazo; guteza imbere "amapaki yo kuvugurura imikorere" ku isoko ryo kubungabunga, harimo amakuru ya motherboard n’imiyoboro y’amatara y’uburyo butandukanye n’ibikoresho byo gushyiraho, hamwe n’ibitabo birambuye byo gusuzuma amakosa; zitanga "ibisubizo byo guhuza sisitemu" ku bakoresha televiziyo zo mu mahanga, zihuza LNB zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, ibice by’ibimenyetso n’ibikoresho byo gukemura ibibazo. Ikigo cya Pearl River Delta cyatangije "ibikoresho byo kuvugurura televiziyo bya 4K" (harimo amakuru ya motherboard agezweho + imiyoboro ya Mini LED backlight), kandi binyuze mu bufatanye n’ibirango bya televiziyo byo mu gihugu, byageze ku izamuka rya 95% mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe, bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye zo kwamamaza bishingiye ku buryo butunguranye.
(III) Umushinga wo Kuvugurura Sisitemu y'Ubuziranenge
Icyemezo cyo kubahiriza amategeko cyabaye "inzira" yo kugera ku bucuruzi bw'amahanga. Mu mpera za 2024, 87% by'ibirango bya televiziyo bizwi cyane byarangije icyemezo cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kandi ibikoresho by'inyongera birimo gushyirwa mu buyobozi buhuriweho. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge: motherboard za LCD zisanzwe zigomba kwemeza EU RoHS 3.0 na US FCC kugira ngo harebwe ko chips n'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga byujuje ibisabwa; ibyuma by'urumuri rw'inyuma bigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho ya EU ERP yo gukoresha neza ingufu kugira ngo bigabanye ingano ya mercure; ibicuruzwa bya LNB bigomba kwemeza CE (EU), FCC (US), GCF (Global Certification Forum) n'ibindi byangombwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ibimenyetso bihamye kandi bihuye n'amashanyarazi. Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ko amabwiriza mashya ya EU "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive" (WEEE 2.0) azashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2026, asaba ko igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibicuruzwa kigera kuri 85%. Ibigo bigomba guhindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mbere y'igihe: motherboard za LCD zisanzwe zikoresha imiterere ya modular circuit, ibyuma by'urumuri rw'inyuma binoza imiterere y'amasaro y'amatara kugira ngo byoroshye kuyasesa, kandi LNB zoroshya imiterere y'igikonoshwa kugira ngo zinoze kongera gukoreshwa.
III. Guhanga udushya mu miyoboro: Kubaka umuyoboro wa Omni-Channel Digital Marketing Network
(I) Imikorere yimbitse y'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa mu bihugu bitandukanye
Uburyo busanzwe bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga burimo kwihutisha impinduka zabwo mu ikoranabuhanga. Ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku gushyira "amaduka y'ibirango" ku mbuga nka Amazon na eBay, no gukora ibikorwa bishingiye ku makuru hakurikijwe imiterere y'ubwoko butatu bw'ibicuruzwa: motherboard za LCD zisanzwe zigaragaza ibipimo bya tekiniki nka moderi za chip n'ubushobozi bwo gusobanura, no gukora videwo zo gupima motherboard kugira ngo zigaragaze imikorere; imirongo y'urumuri rw'inyuma ishimangira ibimenyetso nk'urumuri, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'igihe cyo kubaho, kandi ishyireho imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ingaruka nyazo zo gushyiraho; LNB zibanda ku bintu byo kugurisha nko kwakira ibimenyetso no guhuza, kandi zigatanga ubuyobozi bwo guhindura ibimenyetso bya satelite mu turere dutandukanye. Tangiza urutonde rw'ahantu hatandukanye: urugero, imbuga zo mu Burayi na Amerika zishimangira icyemezo cya tekiniki n'imikorere myiza, mu gihe imbuga zo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba zigaragaza uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga no gukoresha neza ibikoresho; gukora "kwamamaza mu rugo + kwamamaza hanze yarwo KOL", no gukorana n'abandika ku mbuga za televiziyo n'abashakashatsi ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya KOL kugira ngo bakore ibizamini nyabyo by'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bongere ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu 2024, ingano y’amakuru ya LCD akoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse ku mipaka yiyongereyeho 82% uko umwaka utashye, bigaragaza ko kwamamaza neza bishobora gutuma abaguzi b’inzobere bakenera serivisi.
(II) Kwinjira mu buryo bw'ahantu hifashishijwe imiyoboro itari kuri interineti
Kubaka imiyoboro idafite aho ihuriye n’ikoranabuhanga mu masoko ari kuzamuka ni ingenzi cyane. Mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, korana n’ibigo byo mu gace bicunga televiziyo kugira ngo hashyirweho umuyoboro w’ibikoresho byo gusimbuza motherboard za LCD zisanzwe n’imirongo y’urumuri; mu isoko ryo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, shyira mu maduka y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu turere tw’ubucuruzi nk’i Dubai Mall, shyira mu bice by’uburambe bw’ibicuruzwa bya LNB, kandi ugaragaze ingaruka zo kwakira ibimenyetso bya satelite; mu isoko ry’i Burayi, shyiraho ubufatanye n’imiyoboro y’urumuri nka Media Markt, kandi ushyiremo imirongo y’urumuri rwa Mini LED igezweho n’imirongo y’urumuri ya LCD igezweho mu “bice by’ibikoresho byo kuvugurura televiziyo”. Ku masoko y’ingenzi, tekereza gushyiraho ububiko bwo mu mahanga kugira ngo ubike motherboards n’imirongo y’urumuri y’imirongo isanzwe ikoreshwa kugira ngo ugabanye igihe cyo gutanga ibice byo kubungabunga. Amakuru agaragaza ko umuvuduko wo gusubiza ibikoresho byo mu bubiko byo mu mahanga wihuta mu minsi 3-5 kuruta ubutumwa butaziguye, kandi kunyurwa n’abakiriya biyongereyeho 25%.
(III) Kongerera ubushobozi urubuga rwa B2B rw’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga
Amasambu nka Alibaba International Station na Made-in-China aracyari inzira z'ingenzi zo kubona ama-oda menshi. Ibigo bigomba kunoza imikorere y'amaduka ya platform: gukora verisiyo nyinshi z'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, raporo z'ibyemezo n'ibitabo byo gushyiraho ubwoko butatu bw'ibicuruzwa, motherboard za LCD zisanzwe zigaragaza amakuru y'ibizamini byo guhuza, imirongo y'urumuri rw'inyuma ishyiraho raporo z'ibizamini by'ubuzima, na LNB zitanga gahunda zo guhindura imiyoboro itandukanye ya satelite; kwerekana imirongo ya motherboard SMT ikorwa, amahugurwa yo guteranya light strip na laboratwari zo gukemura ibibazo bya LNB binyuze mu gikorwa cya "live factory tour" kugira ngo hongerwe icyizere cy'abaguzi; kwitabira "imurikagurisha ryihariye ry'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'abaguzi" rikorwa n'urubuga kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishyirwe kuri televiziyo.整机inganda, abatanga serivisi zo kubungabunga n'abakoresha televiziyo za satelite. Ku bakiriya bakomeye bafite ingano y'amadorari ya Amerika arenga miliyoni imwe ku mwaka, batanga serivisi zihariye, nko guhindura ibirango bya motherboard za LCD, guhindura ubushyuhe bw'amabara ku mirongo y'amatara, no guhindura umurongo w'amajwi kuri LNB, kugira ngo habeho imikoranire irambye kandi ihamye.
IV. Ingwate yo kubahiriza amategeko: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukumira no kugenzura ingaruka ku isi
(I) Gukurikirana Politiki z'Ubucuruzi mu buryo buhamye
Kutamenya neza ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi ku isi byarazamutse, kandi ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura politiki. Kwibanda kuri politiki yo kugabanya imisoro y’ibihugu bigize RCEP, no gukoresha itegeko ryo gukusanya uturere kugira ngo bigabanye umutwaro w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka motherboard za LCD zisanzwe n’imirongo y’amatara; gukurikirana iperereza rigamije kurwanya gutakaza no guhangana n’ibicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa bikorerwa i Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, no gukora isuzuma ry’ibiciro n’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bya LNB mbere y’igihe; kwitondera kuvugurura amategeko ya tekiniki mu bihugu bitandukanye, nko ku rutonde rushya rw’ibintu bishobora guteza akaga mu bice by’ikoranabuhanga hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya EU REACH n’ibisabwa bishya byo gukoresha neza ingufu ku bikoresho bya televiziyo bitangwa na FDA yo muri Amerika. Birasabwa gushyiraho itsinda ryihariye rishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko cyangwa gukorana n’ibigo by’ubujyanama by’inzobere kugira ngo harebwe ko ubwoko butatu bw’ibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa byose ku isoko ryihariye, cyane cyane uruhushya rwo gukoresha radiyo rukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya LNB.
(II) Kubaka uburyo bwo kwihanganira imiyoboro y'ibikoresho
Amakimbirane ya politiki n'icyorezo gikomeje kwiyongera bigaragaza akamaro ko guhangana n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho. Ibigo bishobora gukoresha "imiterere y'umusaruro w'Ubushinwa + 1″, gushyiraho inganda za SMT patch kuri motherboard za LCD zisanzwe n'inganda ziteranya imiyoboro y'amatara yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya nka Viyetinamu na Maleziya kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo gukorerwa ahantu hamwe; gusinya amasezerano y'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire n'abatanga chips (nka MediaTek na MStar) n'inganda zikora amatara ya LED (nka Sanan Optoelectronics) kugira ngo bahagarike ibiciro by'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kuri motherboard za LCD zisanzwe n'imiyoboro y'amatara yo mu burengerazuba; gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bw'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho, no gushyiraho gahunda z'abatanga ibindi bibazo nko kubura chips zo mu mutwe zikenerwa cyane ku bicuruzwa bya LNB. Amakuru agaragaza ko ibigo by'inyongera bya televiziyo bifite imiyoboro itandukanye y'ibikoresho byari bifite igipimo cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa kiri hejuru ya 28% kurusha ibigo bifite umuyoboro umwe w'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ikibazo cy'ibikoresho ku isi mu 2024, kandi uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bwa motherboard za LCD zisanzwe ari bwo bwarushijeho kuba bwiza cyane.
(III) Ingamba zo Kurengera Umutungo bwite mu by'Ubwenge
Amakimbirane ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge yabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ku bucuruzi bw'amahangaibigoIbigo bigomba kongera uburyo bwo kurinda uburenganzira bw'ipatanti ku bisubizo byigenga by’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, no gukora imiterere y’uburenganzira bw’ipatanti ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’urusobe rw’amabati ya LCD akoreshwa mu buryo bwa rusange, imiterere y’imirongo y’urumuri rw’inyuma, n’urusobe rw’ibimenyetso bya LNB mu masoko akomeye yoherezwa mu mahanga; kwirinda kubangamira uburenganzira bw’abandi ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge, no gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bisubizo bya tekiniki n’imiterere y’ubwoko butatu bw’ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane uburyo bwo gusesengura imiterere y’amabati ya LCD akoreshwa mu buryo bwa rusange n’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura no gukuramo imiterere y’amabati ya LNB; gukorana n’ibigo by’amategeko by’umwuga kugira ngo hashyirweho uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare ku byago by’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge kugira ngo bihutire gukemura mu gihe habaye imanza. Ku mirongo y’urumuri rw’inyuma n’ibicuruzwa bya LNB bifite imiterere yihariye, uburenganzira bw’inganda mu gushushanya bushobora kwandikwa ku masoko nka EU na Amerika kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kurinda ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Ukwakira 2025
