Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’amarushanwa akomeje kwiyongera ku isoko rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi ku isi, ibikoresho bya televiziyo, nk’umuyoboro w’ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw’inganda, bihura n’ibibazo byinshi nk’inzitizi zikomeye z’ubucuruzi, irushanwa ry’abahuje ibitsina, ndetse no kuzamura ibipimo bya tekiniki. Muri byo, isi yoseLCD,imirongo yinyuma, naLNBs (Urusaku ruke)ikora nk'ibikoresho bya TV byibanze, hamwe nibisabwa ku isoko bitandukanye: ingano y’isoko ry’ububiko rusange bw’abashinwa LCD mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 6.23 mu 2025, ingano y’isoko ry’inyuma igera kuri miliyari 4.85, naho isoko rya LNB rikaba ryiyongera ku gipimo cya 7.8% bitewe no gukwirakwiza televiziyo. Uru rutonde rwamakuru ntirugaragaza gusa ubushobozi bwisoko ryagabanijwe ahubwo runagaragaza ko byihutirwa kuzamura inganda. Iyi ngingo izasesengura uburyo ibigo bitanga ubu bwoko butatu bwibikoresho bya TV bishobora kugera ku iterambere ry’ubucuruzi mu mahanga bivuye mu bice bine: isesengura ry’isoko, kongera agaciro ku bicuruzwa, guhanga udushya twerekana imiyoboro, no kubaka sisitemu.
I. Isesengura ryibyerekezo: Gufata Amasoko atatu Yibanze Yiyongera
Isoko ryibikoresho bya TV ku isi byerekana itandukaniro ryimiterere, kandi neza neza amasoko yiyongera nicyo kintu cyo gucamo. Urebye mu karere, ibihugu bikikije “Umukandara n'Umuhanda” byahindutse amasoko ashobora kuzamuka cyane. Utu turere dukeneye cyane ibikoresho bikoresha amajwi n'amashusho bikoresha neza kandi bishingiye cyane ku masoko atangwa n'Ubushinwa kubera ubushobozi buke bw’inganda. Ugereranije n’ubwiyongere bwa 5% -8% by’amasoko gakondo y’uburayi n’Amerika, ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati ndetse n’utundi turere bifite impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka bwa 15% -20%. Muri byo, Indoneziya, Arabiya Sawudite ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byagaragaye ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 32% mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2024 kubera ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo no kuzamura ibicuruzwa.
Amasoko yatandukanijwe yabyaye tekinoloji nayo akwiye kwitabwaho. Hamwe no gukwirakwiza TV 4K / 8K zifite ibisobanuro bihanitse cyane (igipimo cyo kwinjira ku isi biteganijwe ko kizarenga 45% mu 2025), icyifuzo cy’ibibaho rusange bya LCD bishyigikira HDR10 + n’ibiciro byo kugarura ubuyanja byiyongereye. Ibicuruzwa bifite kwishyira hamwe hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubara, kandi igiciro cyacyo gishobora kugera ku nshuro 2-4 ugereranije n’ibibaho bisanzwe, bingana na 52% by’igurishwa mu karere ka Delta ya Yangtze. Mu rwego rwo gucana amatara yinyuma, tekinoroji ya Mini LED irihutisha gusimbuza LED gakondo, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjira cyumucyo winyuma wa Mini LED gifite umucyo mwinshi hamwe n’amashanyarazi make muri TV zo mu rwego rwo hejuru biteganijwe ko kizarenga 20% mu mpera zumwaka. Ibicuruzwa bya LNB bigenda byiyongera ku bisobanuro bihanitse no gutumanaho mu buryo bubiri, kandi icyifuzo cya LNB gishyigikira kwakira ibimenyetso bya satelite 4K ku masoko y’i Burayi no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati gifite umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere buri mwaka urenga 15%, bikaba inzira nyamukuru yo guhatanira gutandukana.
Isoko rishingiye kuri politiki ryerekana amahirwe yo gukura gitunguranye. Politiki yo gucuruza ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yatumye ubwiyongere bwa 6.8% bugurishwa ku bicuruzwa byo kuri televiziyo mu 2024, muri byo 37.2% byagurishijwe binyuze mu nzira z’ubucuruzi, bituma mu buryo butaziguye icyifuzo cyo gushyigikira ibikoresho. Iyi nyungu ya politiki igera no mu mahanga: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi “Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” (CBAM) uhatira ibigo kuzamura ibicuruzwa bibisi, mu gihe “CHIPS and Science Act” yo muri Amerika itanga inkunga ku byuma byifashishwa mu buhanga, bigatuma amahirwe yo kugera ku mishinga y’ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa bifite inyungu z’ikoranabuhanga.
II. Iterambere ryibicuruzwa: Inzibacyuho kuva "Ikiguzi-Cyiza" ujya "Guhanga Agaciro"
(I) Kuzamura Ikoranabuhanga Kubaka Umuhengeri
Intandaro yo gukuraho amarushanwa abahuje ibitsina ari mu guhanga udushya. Isoko ririho ubu riranga ibiranga "ibyitegererezo byibanze byuzuye kandi bidahagije byo mu rwego rwo hejuru": mu rwego rw’ibibaho bya LCD ku isi hose, inyungu y’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu rwego rwo hasi ntabwo iri munsi ya 6%, mu gihe inyungu rusange y’ibicuruzwa by’ibikoresho by’ubwenge bifasha kuzamura ishusho ya AI no kwagura intera nyinshi bishobora kugera kuri 30%; ku isoko ryinyuma ryinyuma, imirongo gakondo ya LED ihura nigiciro cyibiciro bikaze, mugihe Mini LED imirongo igumana inyungu rusange ya 28% -35% kubera inzitizi za tekiniki; mubicuruzwa bya LNB, icyitegererezo-gisobanura icyitegererezo kiracyafite 60%, ariko ibisobanuro bihanitse-byerekezo-ebyiri byiyongera cyane. Ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku byerekezo bitatu byingenzi byikoranabuhanga: icya mbere, kuzamura ibice byingenzi - ikibaho cyibanze cya LCD kigomba kwihutisha iterambere ryibisubizo bihuza chip ya AI no gushyigikira decode ya 8K, imirongo yamatara igomba guteza imbere iterambere muri tekinoroji ya Mini LED ipakira, kandi LNBs zigomba guteza imbere ibisobanuro bihanitse byakira moderi zishyigikira DVB-S3; icya kabiri, guhuza ibikorwa byubwenge - ikibaho cyababyeyi kigomba kongeramo amajwi no guhuza ibikoresho, imirongo yumucyo igomba guteza imbere ubushyuhe bwamabara hamwe nibikorwa byogukoresha ubwenge, kandi LNBs igomba guhuza imiyoboro yitumanaho kugirango igere kubikorwa byombi; icya gatatu, icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya - ikibaho cyababyeyi kigomba gukoresha amashanyarazi make, imirongo yumucyo igomba gukoresha ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, kandi LNBs igomba guhindura imiterere yumuzunguruko kugirango igabanye gukoresha ingufu, kugirango byuzuze ibyangombwa byemezwa na EU CE, US ENERGY STAR nibindi bipimo mbere.
(II) Igishushanyo mbonera gishingiye ku gisubizo
Guhindura kuva mubicuruzwa bimwe ukajya mubisubizo bishingiye ku gisubizo ni urufunguzo rwo kongera agaciro kongerewe. Shushanya ibipapuro byabigenewe kumatsinda atandukanye y'abakoresha: tangiza "imashini yuzuye ishigikira ibisubizo" kuri TV整机abayikora, batanga amasoko imwe yo guhuza amasoko ya LCD yububiko rusange + imirongo yinyuma + LNBs, hamwe na progaramu ya shoferi yihariye na serivisi zo gukemura; guteza imbere "kubungabunga kuzamura paki" kumasoko yo kubungabunga, harimo ikibaho cyababyeyi hamwe numurongo wumucyo wuburyo butandukanye nibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho, bifatanye nigitabo kirambuye cyo gusuzuma amakosa; tanga "sisitemu yo guhuza ibisubizo" kubakoresha televiziyo ya satelite yo mumahanga, ihuza ibisobanuro bihanitse bya LNBs, gutandukanya ibimenyetso nibikoresho byo gukemura. Uruganda rwa Pearl River Delta rwashyize ahagaragara “4K TV yo kuzamura ibikoresho” (harimo ibibaho byubwenge bifite ubwenge + Mini LED yerekana inyuma), kandi binyuze mu bufatanye n’ibirango bya TV byaho, byageze ku gihembwe cya kane cy’igihembwe cya 95% mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, byerekana ingaruka zikomeye zo kwamamaza zishingiye ku bicuruzwa.
(III) Umushinga wo kuzamura sisitemu nziza
Icyemezo cyo kubahiriza cyahindutse “pass” yo kubona ubucuruzi bwo hanze. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2024, 87% by'ibirango bya TV byamamaye byarangije kwemeza ibidukikije, kandi ibicuruzwa byinjizwa mu bugenzuzi bumwe. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge: ibibaho byose bya LCD bigomba gutsinda ibyemezo bya EU RoHS 3.0 na US FCC kugirango byemeze ko chip n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byubahirizwa; imirongo yinyuma igomba kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byingufu za EU ERP kugirango igabanye ibirimo mercure; Ibicuruzwa bya LNB bigomba gutsinda CE (EU), FCC (US), GCF (Global Certificate Forum) nibindi byemezo kugirango ibyemezo byakiriwe neza kandi bihuze na electronique. Twabibutsa cyane ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi “Amabwiriza y’imyanda y’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga” (WEEE 2.0) azashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2026, bisaba ko ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa ibicuruzwa byiyongera kugera kuri 85%. Ibigo bigomba guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa hakiri kare: ikibaho cyibanze cya LCD gikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko, imirongo yinyuma itunganya itara ryamatara kugirango isenywe byoroshye, kandi LNBs yoroshya imiterere yibikonoshwa kugirango itezimbere.
III. Guhanga udushya: Kubaka umuyoboro wa Omni-Umuyoboro wa Digital Marketing Network
(I) Imikorere Yimbitse Yumupaka E-Ubucuruzi
Uburyo gakondo bwubucuruzi bwamahanga bwihutisha guhinduka muburyo bwa digitale. Ibigo bigomba kwibanda mugushiraho "ububiko bwerekana ibicuruzwa" kumurongo nka Amazone na eBay, kandi bigakora ibikorwa bigendanwa namakuru ukurikije ibiranga ubwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa: ikibaho cyababyeyi cya LCD kigaragaza ibipimo bya tekiniki nka moderi ya chip nubushobozi bwa decoding, kandi bigatanga amashusho yikizamini cya mama kugirango yerekane imikorere; imirongo yinyuma yibanda kubipimo nkumucyo, gukoresha ingufu nigihe cyo kubaho, no kugerekaho igereranya ryingaruka zifatika; LNBs yibanda kugurisha ingingo nkibimenyetso byo kwakira ibimenyetso no guhuza, kandi bigatanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu turere dutandukanye. Tangiza Urutonde rutandukanye kurubuga rutandukanye: kurugero, imbuga zi Burayi n’Amerika zishimangira ibyemezo bya tekiniki hamwe n’imikorere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, mu gihe imbuga za Aziya y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba zigaragaza neza-gukoresha neza no kubungabunga; kora "kumurongo wamamaza + kurubuga rwa interineti KOL" guhuza ibicuruzwa, no gufatanya nabanyarubuga bashinzwe kwita kuri TV hamwe no gusuzuma ibikoresho bya elegitoronike KOL kugirango ukore ibizamini nyirizina kugirango wongere ibicuruzwa. Amakuru yerekana ko mu 2024, ingano yambukiranya imipaka yububiko rusange bwa LCD bushyigikira ibipimo bya tekinike byiyongereyeho 82% umwaka ushize, byerekana ko kwamamaza neza bishobora gutwara neza abaguzi babigize umwuga.
(II) Kwinjira Kumurongo wa Offline
Kubaka imiyoboro ya interineti kumasoko azamuka ni ngombwa cyane. Mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, korana ninzego zishinzwe kwita kuri tereviziyo zaho kugirango ushyireho imiyoboro isimbuza imiyoboro ya LCD yibibaho byose hamwe nu murongo winyuma; ku isoko ryo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, gutura mu bubiko bwa elegitoroniki mu turere tw’ubucuruzi nka Dubai Mall, gushyiraho ahantu h’uburambe bwa LNB, no kwerekana ingaruka zo kwakira ibimenyetso byerekana icyogajuru; ku isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi, shiraho ubufatanye bufatika hamwe n’imiyoboro y’urunigi nka Media Markt, kandi ushiremo imirongo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya Mini LED yerekana amatara hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho bya LCD bifite ubwenge mu “bikoresho byo kuzamura TV”. Ku masoko yingenzi, tekereza gushiraho ububiko bwo hanze kugirango ubike ikibaho cyababyeyi hamwe numurongo wumucyo wikitegererezo gikunze gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye uburyo bwo gutanga ibice byo kubungabunga. Amakuru yerekana ko umuvuduko wo gusubiza ibicuruzwa byoherejwe byoherejwe mububiko bwo hanze byihuta iminsi 3-5 kuruta amabaruwa ataziguye, kandi kunyurwa kwabakiriya byiyongereyeho 25%.
(III) Guha imbaraga B2B Yambukiranya imipaka E-Ubucuruzi
Amahuriro nka Sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba na Made-in-China aracyari inzira zingenzi zo kubona ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ibigo bigomba kunoza imikorere yububiko bwibikorwa: gukora indimi nyinshi zerekana ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, raporo zemeza ibyemezo hamwe nigitabo cyo kwishyiriraho ubwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa, ikibaho cyibanze cya LCD cyerekana amakuru yikizamini cyo guhuza, imirongo yinyuma yerekana raporo y'ibizamini byubuzima, kandi LNBs itanga gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere itandukanye; erekana ikibaho cya SMT imirongo yumusaruro, amahugurwa yo guteranya urumuri hamwe na laboratoire ya LNB ikoresheje imikorere ya "live uruganda ruzenguruka" kugirango wongere abaguzi; kwitabira "ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi byerekanwa bidasanzwe" byakozwe nurubuga rwo gusunika ibicuruzwa kuri TV整机ababikora, abatanga serivise zo kubungabunga hamwe nabakora TV. Ku bakiriya bakomeye bafite ubwinshi bwamasoko arenga miriyoni y'amadorari y'Abanyamerika, tanga serivisi zihariye, nko kuranga ibirango kubibaho rusange bya LCD, ubushyuhe bwibara ryibara ryumurongo winyuma, hamwe na bande yihariye ya LNBs, kugirango habeho umubano muremure kandi uhamye.
IV. Ingwate yo kubahiriza: Gushiraho Sisitemu yo gukumira no kugenzura ingaruka ku isi
(I) Igenzura rikomeye rya politiki yubucuruzi
Kutamenya neza ibidukikije ku isi byiyongereye, kandi ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana politiki. Wibande kuri politiki yo kugabanya ibiciro by’ibihugu bigize RCEP, kandi ukoreshe itegeko ryo gukusanya akarere kugirango ugabanye umutwaro wimisoro wibikoresho bya elegitoronike nkibibaho rusange bya LCD hamwe nu murongo winyuma; gukurikirana iperereza rirwanya guta no kurwanya ibicuruzwa ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’Ubushinwa byakozwe n’Uburayi na Amerika, kandi uhindure ibaruramari n’ibiciro by’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bya LNB hakiri kare; witondere kuvugurura amabwiriza ya tekiniki mubihugu bitandukanye, nkurutonde rushya rwibintu byangiza bishobora kugabanywa mu bikoresho bya elegitoronike hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi REACH hamwe n’ibisabwa bishya by’ingufu zikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya televiziyo na FDA yo muri Amerika. Birasabwa gushyiraho itsinda ryabigenewe ryubahirizwa cyangwa gufatanya n’ibigo ngishwanama by’umwuga kugira ngo ubwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa bwujuje ibyangombwa byose byinjira ku isoko rigenewe, cyane cyane uruhushya rwo gukoresha radiyo ikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya LNB.
(II) Gutanga Urunigi rwo Kwubaka
Amakimbirane ya geopolitike hamwe n’ibyorezo byagarutsweho byerekana akamaro ko guhangana n’ibicuruzwa. Ibigo birashobora kwemeza "Ubushinwa + 1 ″ imiterere y’umusaruro, bigashyiraho inganda za SMT ku mbaho za LCD ku isi hose n’inganda ziteranirizwamo imirongo y’amatara mu bihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya nka Vietnam na Maleziya kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z’ahantu hakorerwa ibicuruzwa; imirongo ishyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga ibisubizo byihutirwa, no gutegura ubundi buryo bwo gutanga amasoko kubibazo nkibura ryibikoresho bikoresha imitwe myinshi isabwa kubicuruzwa bya LNB Data yerekana ko ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho bya tereviziyo bifite imiyoboro ihanitse yo gutanga ibicuruzwa byari bifite igipimo cya 28% kiri hejuru ugereranije n’ibigo bifite urwego rumwe rwogutanga ibintu mu 2024 byateje imbere cyane.
(III) Ingamba zo Kurinda Umutungo Wubwenge
Amakimbirane ashingiye ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge yabaye imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bw'amahangaibigo. Ibigo bigomba gushimangira kurinda ipatanti y’ibisubizo byigenga bya R&D, kandi bigakora imiterere y’ipatanti ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibibaho rusange bya LCD, imiterere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw’umurongo w’inyuma, hamwe n’umuzunguruko w’ibimenyetso bya LNB ku masoko akomeye yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze; irinde guhungabanya uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge bwabandi, kandi ukore ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubisubizo bya tekiniki nigishushanyo mbonera cyubwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa, cyane cyane decoding algorithm igira uruhare mubibaho rusange bya LCD hamwe na tekinoroji ya modulisiyo na demodulation ya LNBs; gufatanya n’amasosiyete y’amategeko y’umwuga gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutunga ubwenge bwubwenge hakiri kare uburyo bwo kuburira vuba mugihe habaye imanza. Kumurongo winyuma hamwe nibicuruzwa bya LNB bifite imiterere yihariye igaragara, ipatanti yo gushushanya inganda irashobora kwandikwa kumasoko nka EU na Amerika kugirango hongerwe kurengera ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2025
