Izitayela Zokuhweba Ngezinto Zikagesi Nezikagesi Zomhlaba Wonke Zango-2026

I. Ama-Chips nama-Semiconductor: Ukwanda Kokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe + Ukulawulwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe Okuqinile

IShayina'Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-chip kukhuphuke ngo-72.6% (Jan–uFebhuwari)

Inani eliphelele lidlula ama-RMB ayizigidigidi ezingu-300, lidlula kakhulu ukukhula kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe (21.8%). Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ama-chip enqubo yokuvuthwa angu-28/40/55nm, asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-MCU emishini yasekhaya, kuma-elekthronikhi ezimoto, kanye nasezilawulini zezimboni.—ama-chip ayinhloko amabhodi e-motherboard nezesekeli. Amanani eyunithi akhuphuka cishe ngo-52%, ngenxa yokuntuleka kochungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke kanye neShayina'izinzuzo zamandla.

INetherlands yandisa izilawuli zokuthumela ngaphandle ze-ASML (Mashi 11)

Ihlanganisa imishini ye-lithography yenqubo yokuvuthwa engu-28nm/45nm, ikhawulela ngqo ukwanda kwamandla emishini yasekhaya kanye nama-chip ezimboni. Cishe ama-oda ama-chip ayizigidigidi ezingu-45 emhlabeni jikelele athintekile.

I-US ibeka intela engu-25% kuma-semiconductor (kusukela ngoJanuwari)

Intela ye-ad valorem engu-25% kuma-chip nemishini engenisiwe, kanye nokukhululwa ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya. Izinzuzo zokuthumela ngaphandle ogwini eVietnam naseMexico; Izinkampani zaseShayina zisheshisa intuthuko yenqubo yokuvuthwa kanye nezimboni ezisekelayo zasendaweni.

II. Izinto Zikagesi Zasekhaya Nezinto Zikagesi: Izimakethe Nezinqubomgomo

IBrazil iqeda intela yokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe cishe kuma-elekthronikhi/imishini ecishe ibe yi-1,000 (Mashi 30)

Izigaba zemikhiqizo ezingu-970 ziba yisibopho‑mahhala okwesikhashana esingu-4‑isikhathi senyanga, kufaka phakathiizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, amabhodi e-motherboard, izinto zasekhaya, kanye nemishini ye-ITLokhu kuguqula ukwenyuka kwentela ngo-7.2% ngoFebhuwari, okudala ithuba eliqinile lokuthunyelwa kwempahla yaseShayina eBrazil.

Izikhungo zedatha ze-AI ziqhuba ukuthunyelwa kwemishini kagesi kwamanye amazwe

Umbiko we-IEA: Ukushoda kwe-transformer emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele ku-30%, izikhathi zokuhola zelulelwe eminyakeni emi-3. IShayina'ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuphezulu‑Ama-voltage/ama-smart transformer kanye nama-switchgear ayanda, asekelwa yisidingo esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwegridi yamandla eYurophu nase-US.

Ukwehliswa kwentela yase-US kuzuzisa ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yasekhaya kwamanye amazwe

Izindleko ezihlanganisiwe zezimpahla zaseShayina zehliswe cishe ngo-5%. Kanye nokubuyiselwa kokuthengiswa kwezitolo zase-US kanye nokufakwa kabusha kwezimpahla, izisekelo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe zemishini emikhulu yasekhaya ziye zathuthuka.

III. Imithetho Emisha Yemboni (Ukuthobela Umthetho Kubalulekile)

IShayina'okusha imfucuza kagesi Imithetho yokuvuselela kabusha iqala ukusebenza (Mashi 1)

I-HJ 527 entsha ejwayelekile—Unyaka ka-2026 wandisa ukumbozwa kwezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile kanye nemishini yezimoto, uqinisa ukulawulwa kokungcola ngesikhathi sokudilizwa. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele futhi baqaphele iziqondiso ze-EU WEEE kanye ne-RoHS eziqinisiwe.

Ukulungiswa kwesaphulelo sentela yokuthumela ngaphandle (kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1)

Izaphulelo zentela yokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ye-PV zisusiwe.

Isaphulelo sebhethri sehlisiwe kusuka ku-9% kuya ku-6% (ngokuphela‑2026) futhi yaqedwa ngo-2027.

IV. Imiphumela Eyinhloko

Ukuntuleka kwabantu abadala‑ama-chip okucubungula→Amabhodi akho e-motherboards kanye nezesekeli zithola ukutholakala okunamandla kakhulu‑ukuzinza kweketanga, iphuzu elibalulekile lokuthengisa.

Umsebenzi waseBrazil‑ifasitela lamahhala→Sheshisa intuthuko yemakethe yaseNingizimu Melika, ugxile ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi zama-TV nemishini yokuwasha.

Ifasitela le-Canton Fair→Xhumana nabathengi bomhlaba wonke, qokomisa abantu abadala‑ukwesekwa kwenqubo, ukulethwa okuzinzile, kanye nezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke (CE/UL).