Ezokuthutha Ngezohwebo Zangaphandle

I-Ocean Freight

Ukuthutha olwandle kungenye yezindlela zokuthutha ezivame kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Inezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, okuyenza ifanele ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngobuningi nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Isikhathi sokuhamba sokuthutha olwandle side kakhulu, kodwa sizinzile futhi asithinteki kangako ezintweni zemvelo njengesimo sezulu. Ezimpahleni ezingezona isikhathi - ezizwelayo, ukuthutha olwandle kuyisinqumo esihle. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30 - 40 ukuthutha olwandle kusuka e-China kuya eYurophu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthutha olwandle, izimpahla zivame ukulayishwa ezitsheni, ezingadluliswa phakathi kwamachweba ahlukene, okwenza ngcono kakhulu ukuhamba kahle nokuphepha.

Ukubalwa kwezindleko zokuthutha olwandle kuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa impahla yasolwandle, izindleko zembobo, kanye nesici sokushintsha indawo engaphansi komhlaba, njll. Ukuthutha olwandle kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo nesisindo sempahla, kuyilapho izindleko zechweba zihlobene nezimbobo zokulayisha nokulayishwa kwezimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bunker adjustment factor izolungiswa ngokuya ngokuguquguquka kwamanani entengo kawoyela emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimpahla ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle, umshwalense wasolwandle uvame ukuthengwa ukuze kubhekwane nezingozi ezingaba khona njengokulimala nokulahlekelwa kwempahla.

Izimpahla Zomoya

Ukuthutha ngezindiza kuyindlela yokuthutha eshesha kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Ingakwazi ukuthutha impahla isuka kwelinye izwe iye kwelinye ngesikhathi esifushane, inciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuthutha. Ngenani eliphezulu nesikhathi - izimpahla ezizwelayo, njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izimbali, imikhiqizo emisha, njll., ukuthutha emoyeni kuyisinqumo esibalulekile. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kuthatha usuku olu-1 - 3 kuphela ukuthutha ngendiza kusuka e-China kuya e-United States.

Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokuthutha emoyeni ziphakeme kakhulu, ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokuthutha eziphezulu kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokupakisha nokuphepha kwezimpahla. Izindleko zokuthutha emoyeni zibalwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe esisindweni se-volumetric yezimpahla. Isisindo se-volumetric sibalwa ngokuhlukanisa umthamo wezimpahla ngento ethile yokuguqula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthutha ngendiza kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha kwezindiza, njengokwenqatshelwa kokuthutha impahla eyingozi. Phakathi nenqubo yokuthutha impahla emoyeni, ukulandelela kanye nokubuza kwezimpahla kulula. Indawo kanye nesimo sokuthuthwa kwempahla singaqondwa ngesikhathi sangempela - ngesistimu yendiza.

Multimodal Transport

Ngaphezu kokuthutha olwandle kanye nempahla yomoya, ezokuthutha nge-multimodal futhi kuyindlela yokuthutha evamile ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Ihlanganisa izinzuzo zezindlela zokuthutha ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhlanganisa ezokuthutha zasolwandle, ezomhlaba kanye nezomoya ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthutha okuphumelelayo nokongayo. Isibonelo, izimpahla zingathuthwa zisuka emadolobheni amaphakathi nezwe ziye emachwebeni ngezokuthutha ezihamba phansi, bese ziyiswa emachwebeni angaphandle ngolwandle, futhi ekugcineni zilethwe kumakhasimende ngokushesha ngendiza. Le ndlela yokuthutha ingahlanganiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuvumelana nezici zezimpahla kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuthutha.

Ukudluliswa nokuxhunywa kwezimpahla kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezinhlobo eziningi. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zingadluliswa kahle phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokuthutha, kugwenywe ukubambezeleka kanye nokulimala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubalwa kwezindleko zokuthutha i-multimodal nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kudingeka ukucabangela izindleko zezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthutha kanye nezindleko zenqubo yokudlulisa. Ngokuhlela nokuxhumana okuphusile, ezokuthutha ze-multimodal zingahlinzeka amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ngesixazululo sezokuthutha esisebenzayo nesiguquguqukayo.