Ubwikorezi bwo mu mahanga bwihuta bwo gutwara abantu

Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja

Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja ni bumwe mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igaragaza ibyiza byubushobozi bunini nigiciro gito, bigatuma ikwiranye nogutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi nibikoresho fatizo. Igihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja ni kirekire, ariko kirahagaze kandi ntigishobora guterwa nibintu bisanzwe nkikirere. Kubicuruzwa bitari igihe - byoroshye, ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja ni amahitamo meza. Kurugero, mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 30 - 40 kugirango ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja biva mubushinwa bijya muburayi. Mugihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, ibicuruzwa byapakiwe mubintu, bishobora kwimurwa hagati yibyambu bitandukanye, bigateza imbere cyane ubwikorezi n’umutekano.

Kubara ibiciro byubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja biragoye cyane, cyane cyane harimo ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, amafaranga y’ibyambu, hamwe n’ibintu byahinduwe na bunker, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, ibintu byo guhindura bunker bizahindurwa ukurikije ihindagurika ryibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga. Kugira ngo umutekano w’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja, ubwishingizi bwo mu nyanja bugurwa mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa nko kwangiza imizigo no gutakaza.

Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere

Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere nuburyo bwihuta bwo gutwara abantu mu mahanga. Irashobora gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu kijya mu kindi mu gihe gito, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo gutwara. Kubintu byinshi - agaciro nigihe - ibicuruzwa byoroshye, nkibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, indabyo, umusaruro mushya, nibindi, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere ni amahitamo yingenzi. Kurugero, mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 1 - 3 gusa yo gutwara indege ziva mubushinwa zerekeza muri Amerika.

Nyamara, ibiciro byubwikorezi bwo mu kirere biri hejuru cyane, bitewe nigiciro cyinshi cyo gutwara no gupakira hamwe nibisabwa kugirango umutekano wibicuruzwa. Igiciro cy'imizigo yo mu kirere kibarwa ahanini hashingiwe ku buremere bw'ibicuruzwa. Uburemere bwa volumetric bubarwa mukugabanya ingano yibicuruzwa kubintu runaka bihinduka. Byongeye kandi, imizigo yo mu kirere igomba kubahiriza amategeko akomeye y’umutekano w’indege, nko kubuza gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga. Mugihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, gukurikirana no kubaza ibicuruzwa biroroshye. Ahantu hamwe nubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa birashobora kumvikana mugihe nyacyo binyuze muri sisitemu yindege.

Ubwikorezi bwa Multimodal

Usibye ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja hamwe n’imizigo yo mu kirere, ubwikorezi butandukanye kandi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutwara abantu mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ihuza ibyiza byuburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu, nko guhuza ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, ku butaka no mu kirere kugira ngo ubwikorezi bunoze kandi bwubukungu. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa birashobora gutwarwa mumijyi yimbere kugera ku byambu bitwarwa nubutaka, hanyuma bikajyanwa ku byambu by’amahanga ku nyanja, hanyuma bigashyikirizwa abakiriya byihuse mu kirere. Ubu buryo bwo gutwara abantu burashobora guhuzwa byoroshye ukurikije ibiranga ibicuruzwa nibikenerwa nabakiriya kugirango bagere ku ngaruka nziza zo gutwara abantu.

Ihererekanyabubasha n’ibicuruzwa ni amahuza yingenzi mu gutwara abantu benshi. Birakenewe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kwimurwa neza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu, twirinda gutinda no kwangirika. Mugihe kimwe, kubara ibiciro byubwikorezi bwa multimodal nabyo biragoye. Birakenewe kuzirikana ibiciro byuburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara no kugiciro cyo kwimura. Binyuze mu igenamigambi rifatika no guhuza ibikorwa, ubwikorezi butandukanye burashobora guha inganda zubucuruzi bwo hanze igisubizo cyiza kandi cyoroshye cyo gutwara abantu.