Harkokin Kasuwancin Ƙasashen waje

Jirgin ruwan teku

Jirgin dakon teku na daya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri da aka saba amfani da su a harkokin kasuwancin kasa da kasa. Yana alfahari da fa'idodin babban iya aiki da ƙarancin farashi, yana sa ya dace da jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa da albarkatun ƙasa. Lokacin sufuri don jigilar teku yana da ɗan tsayi, amma yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana da ƙasa da tasiri da abubuwan halitta kamar yanayi. Don kayan da ba lokaci ba - m, jigilar teku shine zabi mai kyau. Misali, yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 30 – 40 don jigilar teku daga China zuwa Turai. A lokacin aikin jigilar kayayyaki na teku, yawanci ana ɗora kayayyaki a cikin kwantena, waɗanda za a iya canjawa wuri tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban, suna haɓaka haɓakar sufuri da aminci sosai.

Ƙididdigar farashin jigilar kayayyaki na teku yana da ɗan rikitarwa, galibi ya haɗa da jigilar teku, cajin tashar jiragen ruwa, da daidaita yanayin bunker, da dai sauransu. Ana ƙididdige jigilar kaya bisa ga girma da nauyin kayan, yayin da cajin tashar jiragen ruwa ke da alaƙa da lodi da saukar da kayan. Bugu da kari, za a daidaita ma'aunin daidaita ma'aunin bunker bisa ga sauyin farashin mai na kasa da kasa. Don tabbatar da amincin kayayyaki a lokacin jigilar kayayyaki na teku, ana siyan inshorar ruwa don magance haɗarin haɗari kamar lalacewar kaya da asara.

Jirgin Sama

Jirgin dakon jiragen sama shine hanya mafi sauri ta sufuri a cikin kasuwancin waje. Yana iya jigilar kayayyaki daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yana rage lokacin sufuri sosai. Don babban - ƙima da lokaci - kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, kamar samfuran lantarki, furanni, sabbin samfura, da sauransu, jigilar iska shine zaɓi mai mahimmanci. Misali, yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1 – 3 kawai don jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Amurka.

Koyaya, farashin jigilar jiragen sama yana da tsada sosai, saboda tsadar sufurin sa da tsauraran marufi da buƙatun aminci na kaya. An ƙididdige farashin jigilar jigilar iska ne bisa la'akari da nauyin kaya. Ana ƙididdige nauyin ma'auni ta hanyar rarraba ƙarar kaya ta wani takamaiman juzu'i. Bugu da kari, dole ne sufurin jiragen sama ya bi tsauraran ka'idojin amincin jirgin sama, kamar haramcin jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari. A lokacin aikin jigilar jigilar iska, bin diddigi da binciken kayayyaki suna da sauƙi. Ana iya fahimtar wurin wuri da yanayin sufuri na kaya a zahiri - lokaci ta hanyar tsarin jirgin sama.

Multimodal Transport

Baya ga jigilar teku da jigilar jiragen sama, jigilar kayayyaki iri-iri kuma hanya ce ta sufuri ta yau da kullun a cikin kasuwancin waje. Ya haɗu da fa'idodin hanyoyin sufuri daban-daban, kamar haɗa jigilar teku, ƙasa da iska don samun ingantaccen sufuri da tattalin arziki. Misali, ana iya jigilar kayayyaki daga biranen cikin gida zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar sufuri ta kasa, sannan a jigilar su zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje ta ruwa, sannan a kai wa abokan ciniki cikin sauri ta jirgin. Wannan yanayin sufuri za a iya haɗuwa da sauƙi bisa ga halaye na kaya da bukatun abokan ciniki don cimma mafi kyawun tasirin sufuri.

Canja wurin da haɗin kaya sune mahimman hanyoyin haɗin kai a cikin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa ana iya canja wurin kayayyaki cikin sauƙi tsakanin hanyoyin sufuri daban-daban, don guje wa jinkiri da lalacewa. A lokaci guda, ƙididdige farashi na sufuri na multimodal shima yana da rikitarwa. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da farashin hanyoyin sufuri daban-daban da kuma farashi a cikin tsarin canja wuri. Ta hanyar tsare-tsare masu ma'ana da daidaitawa, jigilar kayayyaki iri-iri na iya samar da masana'antun kasuwancin waje da ingantacciyar hanyar sufuri mai sassauƙa.